(b)(a)Aruby-throatedhummingbirdobtainsnectar froma trumpet vineflower.The pollen grains on the bird's feathers will becarried tothe nextplant.(b)A lesserlong-nosed batobtains nectar froma cardonFigure 5-0cactus flowerand transfers pollen as it moves from flowertoflower.Bats pollinateseveral hundred species of plants.(a,Dan Dempster/DembinskyPhotoAssociates;b,MerlinTuttle/BatConservationInternational/PhotoResearchers,Inc.)
Figure 5-0
多糖戊糖核酸核苷酸半纤维家（淀粉、纤维素）A1戊糖磷酸循环丁糖葡萄糖脂肪1单糖丙糖磷酸甘油脂肪酸+糖JT磷酸甘油酸磷酸烯醇酚类化合物（酪氨酸酵卡尔文循环苯丙氨酸、色磷酸、木式丙酮酸质素、荠草酸、香豆素丝氨酸族等）鲜氨基酸CO2丙酮酸酒精乳酸丙酮酸族氨基酸类酷化合物（类胡萝卜素丙二酰辅酶A乙酰辅酶A赤霉素、橡胶、择发油、花色素、脱落酸）Fig.5-1烟碱其他氨基酸+↑蛋白质二谷氨酸族氨基酸，酮皮草酰乙酸天冬氨酸族氨基酸三酸循环JI叶味嘌呤核苷酸（叶绿家、光敏色素细胞色素）晓珀酰辅酶A
Fig.5-1
CO2PhotosynthesisPRIMARYCARBONMETABOLISMErythrose-4-phosphate3-Phosphoglycerate(3-PGA)PhosphoenolpyruvatePyruvateTricarboxylicAcetyl CoAacid cycleAliphaticamino acidsShikimicacidMalonicMevalonicMEPpathwaypathwayacidpathwayacidpathwayAromaticaminoacidsNitrogen-containingsecondaryproductsPhenolicTerpenescompoundsSECONDARYCARBONMETABOLISMFigure 5-2FIGURE13.4A simplifiedviewof themajorpathwaysofsecondary-metabolitebiosynthesis and their interrelationships withprimarymetabolism
Figure 5-2
XOCOACH:CHOHOH3xAcetyt-CoA (C2)CH,OPPyruvate (Cg)Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate (Cs)HOOHH:CH,CHOHCH>MevalonateMethylerythritolphosphatepathwayCH2pathwayatCOOHMethylerythritolMevalonicacidphosphate(MEP)PPCH2-0PPCH2+isoprene(Cs)Isopentenyldiphosphate(iPp,Cs)Dimethyallyldiphosphate(DMAPPC)PPCH2c+Monoterpenes (Cto)Geranyldiphosphate(GPp, Cro)-+Sesquiterpenes(Cis)PPH3-2XTriterpenes (Cao)Farnesyldiphosphate(FppCrs)Diterpenes (Czo)PPH2Tetraterpenes(Cao)Geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGPP,Cao)→PolyterpenoidsFIGURE13.5Outlineofterpenebiosynthesis.Thebasice5-carbonunitsofterpenesaresynthesizedbytwo differentpathways,Thephosphorylated intermediates,IppFigure 5-5andDMAPParecombinedtomake1O-carbon,15-carbonandlargerterpenes
Figure 5-5
PhosphoenolpyruvicErythrose-4FIGURE13.9Plant phenolics areacid (fromglycolysis)phosphatebiosynthesized in several differ-(frompentoseent ways.In higherplants,mostphosphate pathway)phenolics arederived at least inShikimic acidAcetyl-CoApart fromphenylalanine,aprodpathwayuct of theshikimic acid pathway.Formulas in brackets indicate theMalonicacidbasic arrangement ofcarbon Pheylanine [-c]pathwayskeletons:Cinamic aid [-c]CGallicacidindicatesabenzeneringandC3 is a three-carbon chain.Miscellaneous[G-][G-][G-c]HydrolyzableMore detail on the pathwayphenolicstanninsfrom phenylalanineonward isFlavonoidsSimple phenolicsgiven in Figure 13.10.[-][G-c],Condensed tanninsFigure 5-6Lignin
Figure 5-6