mitochondrial DNA inner mitochondrial membrane membrane/ ascription mitochondrial RNA polymerase tRNAs small rRNA large rRNA amino aminoacyl small RNAS ribosomal ribosomal 88888 soluble enzymes of the citric acid rane-bound mitochondrial DNA itochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA replication enzymes cytosol ribosomal proteins
器 ATP NADH H201/202+2H+ c02 Pi t ADP TCA cycle NADH C2 C6 ATP4- NADH NADH C3 Pyruvic acid nte space P
Glucose Plasma membrane ygen prese Glycols NAD P、 Oxygen absent NADH-LCo ATP NADH Acetyl COA ATP Fermentation cycl NAD A NADH Cytos Carbon dioxide transport chai and wate Lactate Figure 5.5 An overview of carbohydrate metabolism in eukaryotic cells. The reactions of gly colysis generate pyruvate and NADH in the cytosol. In the absence of O2, the pyruvate is reduced by Nadh to lactate(or another product of fermentation, such as ethanol in yeast; see Figure 3.27 for details). The NAD formed in the reaction is reutilized in the continuation of glycolysis In the
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ADP ATP4 outer membrane voltage gradient drives ADP-ATP nner membrane exchange ADP ATP4- in ATP ADP3 pyruvate H MATRⅨX pH gradient pyruvate pH gradient drives pyruvate drives phosphate Import mport pyruvate
2. Mitochondrial membranes The outer and inner membranes have very different properties Outer membrane 50 of lipids(w/w) s porin, the outer membrane is permeable to all molecules of 10 Kd or less k Enzymes involved in such diverse activity as mitochondrial lipid synthesis and lipid conversion the oxidation of epinephrine etc. such as monoamine oxidase, the degradation of tryptophan, and the elongation of fatty acids
2. Mitochondrial membranes The outer and inner membranes have very different properties. Outer membrane: * 50 % of lipids (w/w) * porin, the outer membrane is permeable to all molecules of ~10 KD or less. * Enzymes involved in such diverse activity as mitochondrial lipid synthesis and lipid conversion, the oxidation of epinephrine etc. such as monoamine oxidase , the degradation of tryptophan, and the elongation of fatty acids