Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: Inhibition of protein synthesis Penicillins, cephalosporins Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, bacitracin, vancomycin tetracyclines, streptomycin 转录」 翻译 Transcription Translation DNA Replication 复制」 Inhibition of nucleic acid Enzymatic replication and activity transcription synthesis of Quinolones rifampin metabolites injury to plasma membrane Inhibition of synthesis Polymyxin B of essential metabolites
6 复制 转录 翻译
1.概述 Introduction 分类 Classification 根据抗生素的化学结构分类 阝-内酰胺类(β- lactam): 青霉素类( penicillins) 头孢菌素类( cephalosporins) 氨基糖苷类( aminoglycosides):链霉素、庆大霉素 ·大环内酯类( macrolides): 红霉素、麦迪加霉素 四环类( tetracyclines) 四环素、土霉素 多肽类( polymyxin): 多粘菌素
7 根据抗生素的化学结构分类 • β-内酰胺类(β-lactam)： 青霉素类 (penicillins) 头孢菌素类 (cephalosporins) • 氨基糖苷类(aminoglycosides) ： 链霉素、庆大霉素 • 大环内酯类(macrolides) ： 红霉素、麦迪加霉素 • 四 环 类 (tetracyclines) ： 四环素、土霉素 • 多 肽 类 (polymyxin) ： 多粘菌素 分 类 Classification 1. 概 述 Introduction
R CH H CH H β lactam ring B-l内酰胺环 natural penIcIlIn R CHa-CO
8 H N O N S CH3 CH3 H COOH -lactam ring β-内酰胺 环 R natural penicillin R = CH2 -CO-
β-内酰胺环 Common nucleus CH3 Ampicillin CH-C-NH-CH-CH C o=c—N—cH-cooH 舌 s、Ch3 Methicillin C-NH--CH-CH C OCH O=c-N—cH-cooH 乏°虽 Carbenicillin \/CH3 CH---C-NH-CH--CH C CH3 COOH o=c—N—CH-CooH g Oxacillin C—c—c-NH-CH-CHC CH cN—cH-cooH O CH3 B-lactam ring Semisynthetic penicillins
9 β-内酰胺 环
CH CH3 HO OH HoN OH CH3 OH HC OH o OHOH OHOH 0 OH Amphotericin B两性霉素 Antibiotics are so complex they can only be synthesized in a living system
10 两性霉素 Antibiotics are so complex they can only be synthesized in a living system