给水处理习题及答案河北联合大学给水排水教研室2013.9
给水处理习题及答案 河北联合大学 给水排水教研室 2013.9
十四章给水处理概论【习题】(p252)14-1.在实验室内作氯消毒试验。已知细菌被灭活速率为一级反应,且k=0.85min-。求细菌被灭99.5%时,所需消毒时间为多少分钟?解:细菌加氯灭活是一级反应。k=0.85minI=ln%k".灭活99.5%。C=(1-99.5%)C。1Co=200C。1-99.5%1ln200=6.23mint=0.8514-2.设物料i分别通过CSTR型和PF到反应器进行反应后。进水和出水中i浓度之比均为Co/C。=10,且属一级反应,k=2h。求水流在CSTR型和PF型反应器内各需多少停留时间?(注:C一一进水中i初始浓度:C一一出水中I浓度)解:1)由CSTR型一级反应停留时间公式:1.Cot=1<Ck1(10-1) = 4.5(h)1=22)由PF型一级反应停留时间公式:In Co-k"C,1t==n10=1.15(h)214-3.题3中若采用4只CSTR型反应器串联,其余条件同上。求串联后水流总停留时间为多少?解:由四个CSTR反应器串联:一级反应。C。=10Cn:1.k = 2h-1C.C.(1+kt
十四章 给水处理概论 【习题】(p252) 14-1.在实验室内作氯消毒试验。已知细菌被灭活速率为一级反应,且 k=0.85min-1。求 细菌被灭 99.5%时,所需消毒时间为多少分钟? 解:细菌加氯灭活是一级反应。 k=0.85min-1 Ce C k t 0 ln 1 = 灭活 99.5%。Ce=(1-99.5%)Co 200 1 99.5% 0 1 = − = Ce C ln 200 6.23min 0.85 1 t = = 14-2.设物料 i 分别通过 CSTR 型和 PF 到反应器进行反应后。进水和出水中 i 浓度之比均 为 C0/Ce =10,且属一级反应,k=2h-1。求水流在 CSTR 型和 PF 型反应器内各需多少停留 时间?(注:C0—— 进水中 i 初始浓度;Ce——出水中 I 浓度) 解:1)由 CSTR 型一级反应停留时间公式: ( 1) 1 0 = − Ce C k t (10 1) 4.5( ) 2 1 t = − = h 2)由 PF 型一级反应停留时间公式: Ci C k t 0 ln 1 = ln 10 1.15( ) 2 1 t = = h 14-3.题 3 中若采用 4 只 CSTR 型反应器串联,其余条件同上。求串联后水流总停留时间为 多少? 解:由四个 CSTR 反应器串联:一级反应。 n o n C kt C + = 1 1 =10 e o C C 1 2 − k = h
1则:101+2t1+2t=1.778t=0.389hT=nt=4×0.389=1.557h14-4.液体中物料i浓度为200mg/L,经过2个串联的CSTR型反应器后,浓度降至20mg/L液体流量为5000m/h,反应级数为1,速率常数为0.8h2。求每个反应器的体积和总反应时间。解:一级反应,两个串联。C- 201Cn1n =2k=0. 8h=1C。20010C.(1+ kt)(1+0. 8t)*=100.8t=2.16210(1+0.8tt=2. 703 (h)总反应时间:T=nt=2×2.703=5.406(h)每个反应器体积:V=Q·t=5000m/h×2.703h=13514mQuestions:补充习题:14 -1Laboratory tests were conducted on the chemical treatment of a water using both a longnarrowflocculation tank (plug flow)and a completelymixed unit The observed rate constantsunder steady-state conditions were first-order kinetics equal to“12 per day"for plug flow and“36per day"for completemixing.For an influent concentration of 80 mg/l,whichprocessrequirestheshorterretentiontimetoachievea95percentcompletionof thereaction?Solution:1、Plugflow(PF):CC,-C.=95%0.95k=12day-1C.CoC11S1120InIn0.250dayt12kC0.05C0.05
则: 4 1 2 1 10 1 + = t 1+2t=1.778 t=0.389h T=nt=4×0.389=1.557h 14-4.液体中物料 i 浓度为 200mg/L,经过 2 个串联的 CSTR 型反应器后,浓度降至 20mg/L.液体流量为 5000m3 /h ,反应级数为 1,速率常数为 0.8h-1。求每个反应器的 体积和总反应时间。 解:一级反应,两个串联。 n o n C kt C + = 1 1 10 1 200 20 = = o n C C n =2 k=0.8h-1 2 1 0.8 1 10 1 + t (1+0.8t)2 =10 0.8t=2.162 t=2.703(h) 总反应时间: T=nt=2×2.703=5.406(h) 每个反应器体积:V=Q·t=5000m3 /h×2.703h=13514m3 补充习题: Questions: 14 -1 Laboratory tests were conducted on the chemical treatment of a water using both a long narrow flocculation tank (plug flow) and a completely mixed unit. The observed rate constants under steady-state conditions were first-order kinetics equal to “12 per day” for plug flow and “36 per day” for complete mixing. For an influent concentration of 80 mg /l, which process requires the shorter retention time to achieve a 95 percent completion of the reaction? Solution: 1、 Plug flow(PF): k=12day-1 = 95% − o o e C C C 1− = 0.95 o e C C 20 0.05 1 = = e o C C day C C k t e o 0.250 0.05 1 ln 12 1 ln 1 = = =
2、Completemixing(CSTR)C。=1=20k =12day-10.05C.(20-1)= 0.528day36Answer::Plug flow process requires the shorter retentiontimetoachievea 95percentcompletionofthereaction14-2 Based on laboratory studies, the rate constant for a chemical coagulation reaction was foundto be first-order kinetics with a k equal to 75 per day. Calculate the detention times required incompletelymixedandplug-flowreactorsforan80percentreduction,Co=200mg/landC=40mg/l.Solution:1、ForcompletelymixedreactorC。2001(C。k=75day=140C,K720010.053day.t75(402、ForPlug-flowReactorInCo=六n200=0.021dayt==In40k75C,Answer:1、Required0.053dayforcompletelymixedreactor2、Required0.021dayforplug-flowreactor
2、 Complete mixing(CSTR) k =12day-1 20 0.05 1 = = e o C C ( ) day C C k t i o 20 1 0.528 36 1 1 1 = − = = − Answer: Plug flow process requires the shorter retention time to achieve a 95 percent completion of the reaction. 14-2 Based on laboratory studies, the rate constant for a chemical coagulation reaction was found to be first-order kinetics with a k equal to 75 per day. Calculate the detention times required in completely mixed and plug-flow reactors for an 80 percent reduction, Co=200 mg/l and Ct=40 mg/l. Solution: 1、 For completely mixed reactor = −1 1 i o C C k t k=75day-1 40 200 = i o C C t 1 0.053day 40 200 75 1 = = − 2、 For Plug-flow Reactor day C C k t i o 0.021 40 200 ln 75 1 ln 1 = = = Answer: 1、Required 0.053 day for completely mixed reactor. 2、Required 0.021 day for plug-flow reactor
十五章混凝【习题】(p286)15—1河水总碱度0.1mmo1/L(按Cao汁)。硫酸铝(含Al20为16%)投加量为25mg/L,问是否需要投加石灰以保证硫酸铝顺利水解?没水厂每日生产水量50000m,试问水厂每天约需要多少千克石灰(石灰纯度按50%计)。解:投药量折合成Al20为25mg/L×0.16=4mg/LA1203的分子量:101.96=102投药后浓度:4mg/L=0.039mmol/L102剩余碱度取0.37Cao浓度:[Ca0]=3x[a]-[x]+[8][a]一一混凝剂投量,0.039mmo1/L。[x]一一原水碱度,按Cao计,0.1mmol/L。(Cao)[8]——保证反应的剩余碱度。0.37(0.25~0.5mmo1/LCa0[Ca0]=3X0.039-0.1+0.37=0.387mmo1/LCa0分子量为56。石灰纯度为50%。投量为:0.387mmo1/L×56/0.5=43.34mg/L=43.34g/m水厂每天投加量:43.34g/m×50000m=2167200g=2167.2Kg15—2设聚合铝[A12(OH)·C1e-n].在制备过程中。控制m=5,n=4,试求该聚合铝的碱化度为多少?解:聚合铝[Al2 (OH),Cl.-].m=5;n=4。[oH]5×4B=×100%== 66.7%碱化度3[A1]3×2x515一3某水厂采用精制硫酸铝作为混凝剂,其最大投量为35mg/L。水厂设计水量100000m/d。混凝剂每日调制3次,溶液浓度按10%计,试求溶解池和溶液池体积各为多少?aQ解:W,=1)溶液池容积,Wz:417bnQ一一水处理量,Q=100000m/d=4166.7m/h。a-一一最大混凝剂投加量,a=35mg/L。b一一溶液浓度,b=10(注:式中的%已计入系数417中)n——每日调制次数,n=3。35×4166.7W,3=11.657m417×10×32)溶解池,Wi:
十五章 混凝 【习题】(p286) 15—1 河水总碱度 0.lmmol/ L(按 Cao 汁)。硫酸铝(含 Al2O3 为 16%)投加量为 25mg/L, 问是否需要投加石灰以保证硫酸铝顺利水解?没水厂每日生产水量 50000m3,试问水厂每天 约需要多少千克石灰(石灰纯度按 50%计)。 解: 投药量折合成 Al2O3 为 25mg/L×0.16=4mg/L Al2O3 的分子量: 101.96=102 投药后浓度: 剩余碱度取 0.37 CaO 浓度: [CaO]=3×[a]- [x]+ [δ] [a]——混凝剂投量, 0.039mmol/L。 [x]——原水碱度,按 CaO 计,0.1mmol/L。(CaO) [δ]——保证反应的剩余碱度。0.37(0.25~0.5mmol/LCaO) [CaO]=3×0.039-0.1+0.37=0.387mmol/L CaO 分子量为 56。石灰纯度为 50%。 投量为: 0.387mmol/L×56/0.5=43.34mg/L=43.34g/m3 水厂每天投加量: 43.34g/m3×50000m3 =2167200g=2167.2Kg 15—2 设聚合铝[A12(OH)n•Cl6-n]m 在制备过程中。控制 m=5,n= 4,试求该聚合铝的碱化度 为多少? 解: 聚合铝 [A12(OH)n•Cl6-n]m m=5; n=4。 碱化度 66.7% 3 2 5 5 4 100% 3 = = = Al OH B 15—3 某水厂采用精制硫酸铝作为混凝剂,其最大投量为 35mg/L。水厂设计水量 100000m/d。混凝剂每日调制 3 次,溶液浓度按 10%计,试求溶解池和溶液池体积各为多 少? 解: 1)溶液池容积,W2: bn aQ W 417 2 = Q——水处理量,Q=100000m3 /d=4166.7m3 /h。 a——最大混凝剂投加量,a=35mg/L。 b——溶液浓度,b=10 (注:式中的%已计入系数 417 中) n——每日调制次数,n=3。 3 2 11.657 417 10 3 35 4166.7 W = m = 2)溶解池,W1: mmol L mg L 0.039 / 102 4 / =