CausesThe cause of CiN is chronic infection of thecervix with HPV, especially infection with high.risk HPV types i6 or 18. It is thought that thehigh-risk HPV infections have the ability toinactivate tumor suppressor genes such as thep53 gene and the RB'gene, thus allowing theinfected cells to grow unchecked andaccumulate successive mutations, eventuallyleading to cancer.[1]Some groups of women have been found to beat a higher 'risk of developing CIN:[1][8]
Causes The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with highrisk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.[1] Some groups of women have been found to be at a higher risk of developing CIN:[1][8]
Infection with a high risk type of HPV,such as 16, 18, 31, or 33Immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection)Poor dietMultiple sex partnersLack of condom useCigarette smokingAdditionally, a number of risk factorshave been shown to increase anindividual's likelihood of developing CIN3/carcinoma in situ (see below):Womenwho give birth before age 17;Women whowith ≥ 1 full term pregnancies
Infection with a high risk type of HPV, such as 16, 18, 31, or 33 Immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection) Poor diet Multiple sex partners Lack of condom use Cigarette smoking Additionally, a number of risk factors have been shown to increase an individual's likelihood of developing CIN 3/carcinoma in situ (see below): Women who give birth before age 17;Women who with > 1 full term pregnancies