2-13 =T(4)-7(4p) 3d1 =T(3s)-7(4p) P 3-7n)-7(4p) =T(3p)-T(4s) =T(3p)-T(3) 3s 选择定则 △l=±1 =T(3s)-T(3p)
选择定则 3d 3p 3s 4s 4p 2-13 (4 ) (4 ) 1 1 = T s −T p (3 ) (4 ) 1 2 = T s −T p (3 ) (4 ) 1 3 = T d −T p (3 ) (4 ) 1 4 = T p −T s (3 ) (3 ) 1 5 = T p −T d (3 ) (3 ) 1 6 = T s −T p
2-14(1)1=T(3p)-7(0)=T(3p) ∴Ⅳ、 =2.447×10°m-) 1。408.6×10 钠原子的共振线波长:A。=A3n3s ∴。=T(3s)-T(3p) T(3)=T(3p)+=2447×106+ 4.144×10°(m2) 589.3×10 hcT E(3p)=-hcT3p)=-3.03(eV) E(3s)=-hcT(3s)=-5.14(eV (2)肭原子基态电子的电离能:E1=-E(3s)=5.14(ev) 从基态到第一激发态的激发能 △E=E(3p)-E(3s)=-303-(-514)=2.1leV)
(3 ) ( ) (3 ) 1 = T p −T = T p 2.447 10 (m ) 408.6 10 1 1 (3 ) 6 1 9 − − = = = T p 钠原子的共振线波长： (3 ) (3 ) 1 T s T p c = − 4.144 10 (m ) 589.3 10 1 2.447 10 1 (3 ) (3 ) 6 -1 9 6 = = + = + − c T s T p (3 ) (3 ) 5.14(eV) (3 ) (3 ) 3.03(eV) = − = − = − = − = − E s hcT s E p hcT p E hcT 钠原子基态电子的电离能： 从基态到第一激发态的激发能：E = −E(3s) = 5.14(eV) i E = E(3 p) − E(3s) = −3.03 − (−5.14) = 2.11(eV) 2-14（1） （2）
3-1p=√2mE 0.39(mm)(Ek=10ev) 1.226 0123(mm)(Ek=100ev) meK k(ev 7) 0.039(mm)(Ek=1000eV) 3-2(1)∵P=;1=1=0.4m c1240 ∵E=hv h 3100(eV) 0.4 1.226 1.226 E 9.4(eⅤ 2 2n见 0.4 E3100 ≈3300 k 9
3-1 3-2(1) (2)
3-3 Ek=m, c2-m,c2=moc2 2m, →1 2 2n。1 3 ≈0.0014(nm)
3-3
3-4 设a为晶格常数,d为晶面间距 2d sina=ka a sine=ka k=1,2,3,… k=1,2,3,… d=0.18mm,a=30°,k=1● =2× d sina c 2×0.18×sin30°=0.18mm h663×10-34 ∷P-元 0.18×10 368×10kg·m/s··● 3.68×10 24 k2m2×1.67×10-27 4.06×10 21 =406×10-21() 1.60×10-19=0.025(eV
1,2,3, sin = = k a k 1,2,3, 2 sin = = k d k d 设a 为晶格常数，d 为晶面间距 a 3-4 d = 0.18nm, = 30 , k = 1 nm d 2 0.18 sin30 0.18 2 sin = = = kg m s h p 3.68 10 / 0.18 10 6.63 10 2 4 9 3 4 = = = − − − ( ) ( ) 0.025(e v) 1.60 10 4.06 10 4.06 10 2 1.67 10 3.68 10 2 1 9 2 1 2 1 2 7 2 2 2 4 = = = = = − − − − − J m p Ek