景观是由景观元素组成,景观元素是地面上相对同质的生态要素或单元。 景观元素有三种类型 1斑块( patch) 2走廊 corridor) 3基质 matrix)

景观的功能就是景观元素之间的相互作用,即 能量流、养分流和物种流以一种景观元素迁移到另 个景观元素。通过大量的“流”,一种景观元 素对另外一种景观元素施加于控制作用

3.4.1景观多样性 1生物多样性(biodiversity 生物多样性是所有生物种类、种内遗传变异和它们的生存环境的总和。 遗传多样性(genetic diversity)种内所有遗传变异信息的总和,蕴藏在动植物和微生物的个体基因里

在19世纪中期由 Haeckel提出生态学一词,随着时 间的推移,生态学已成为一个既古老而又现代的学科, 它研究的主要内容就是生物或生物群体与其环境的关 系,而通常我们又将它分为几个层次:个体、种群、 群落和生态系统,而景观是比生态系统更高一层次的 生物层次。 景观生态学自1939年由特罗尔提出后,发展十分迅 速,已成为生态学一重要分支,并且已形成一套自己 的理论,为生态学的发展提供了一个全新的空间。 那么什么是景观生态学呢?

Sales and Marketing Group, Information Division, FAO aahl oLshotNU-s Teal d 0697os fi E-ma fap.org/catalog/giphomehtm PUBLIC PUNTOS VENTA DE PUBLICACIONES DE LA FAC Mundi Prensa Libros S.A

EXPLANATORY NOTES GENERAL lia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States, thestem Country/area nomenclature and regional groups used in the volume for all living trees has been used for the volume figure Some variation as to the minimum diameter applied is reported The country/area names and order used in these tables follow in ECE/FAO (2000) standard UN practice regarding

ACRONYMS AFWC DESA African Forestry and Wildlife Commission United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs AIDS ed immunodeficiency syndrome DFID

interest in sustainable forest It concludes by suggesting how fiscal policies in anagement has grown, so ha as the the sector might be improved and offers importance of finding ways to finance it. Indeed, comments on the broader debate on financing one of the main points of agreement at various sustainable forest management. international meetings on forestry

mprovements in science and technology are communities environmental groups, the private critical to the sustainable management of sector and civil society, coupled with forests, woodlands and trees, and to their international efforts that began with the United

he term\biological diversity\entered the part of the broader set of criteria and indicators for public vocabulary only about 15 years ago, sustainable forest management but its arrival signalled a new and more Conserving biological diversity is an ethical comprehensive approach to conservation, bringing imperative because all life has a right to exist, and er information, knowledge, awareness, humans should not knowingly cause any loss of ethics, forestry, protected areas