实验室本身就存在着某些危险因素。 ·在实验室中,经常使用各种药品和仪 器设备,以及水、电、煤气,还会经 常遇到高温、低温、高压、真空、高 电压、高频和带有辐射源的实验条件 和仪器

•在化学实验中，经常使用各种化学药品和仪器设备，以及水、电、煤气，还会经常遇到高温、低温、高压、真空、高电压、高频和带有辐射源的实验条件和仪器，若缺乏必要的安全防护知识，会造成生命和财产的巨大损失。•每年一度的化学实验安全防护教育是非常重要的

历史 1.提出内皮细胞舒张因子EDRF(1980) 2.提出EDRF即是NO的假说(1986) 3.检测到体内产生NO(1988) 4.发现NO来自精氨酸(1988)

氧化损伤的产生 线粒体呼吸链中,由于发生电子漏,导致氧分子经 单电子转移反应,生成了超氧阴离子。 ·某些氧化酶催化氧化底物时,释放出活性氧,如黄 嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶体系放出超氧阴离子、葡萄糖/葡 萄糖氧化酶体系放出过氧化氢。 巨噬细胞受刺激后呼吸爆发产生活性氧

1.螺甾烷醇类 2.异螺甾烷醇类 3.呋甾烷醇类 4.变形螺甾烷醇类

Discovery of Benzene Isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday who determined C: H ratio to be 1: 1. Synthesized in 1834 by Eilhard Mitscherlich who determined molecular formula to be C6H6

Definitions Conjugated double bonds are separated by one single bond. Example: 1, 3-pentadiene. Isolated double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds. 1, 4-pentadiene. Cumulated double bonds are on adjacent carbons. Example: 1, 2-pentadiene

Introduction Formula R-O-R where R is alkyl or aryl. Symmetrical or unsymmetrical Examples:

Introduction NMR is the most powerful tool available for organic structure determination. It is used to study a wide variety of nuclei:

Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength is varied