Race and Anthropology Huge topic-only going to cover a small portion of the discussion Two notions about race: Race has a biological meaning, but not a social meaning *Race has a social meaning but not biological meaning

Welcome to the course, which is an introduction to cultural or sociocultural anthropology We will have two lectures and one discussion a week Most of the requirements (a final exam, series of six papers adding up to about twenty pages; at least an hour a week of discussion)is set by the MIT Humanities Distribution system

Adult: the last stage of insects, ontogeny. 成虫昆虫个体发育中的最后一个虫态

一、孵化 二、生长与脱皮 三、变态

一、两性生殖 Bisexual reproduction Eggs usually begin meiosis(减数分裂) only after fertilization. The meiosis of sperms have stopped before the fertilization

The number of abdominal segments: Primitively, abdomen is 11-segmented and the terminal segments are usually modified and/or diminished.原始昆虫腹部一般12节(11腹节+ 尾节) Most insects have 9 or 10 abdominal segments, but several of these are reduced

一、Development and Structure 翅的发生与构造 (一)发生 Development

一、昆虫的颈Neck supporting the head and articulating it with the prothorax cervical sclerites颈片(颈部骨片的统称) occipital sulev vrt

一、为什么口器是附肢演化来的? 二、解剖形态学证据 a)典型的昆虫口器(Chewing Mouthparts与结合纲、唇足纲头部附肢结构最相似; b)典型的昆虫口器几乎发生于所有原始的昆虫目中,如直翅目蝗虫等类群;其他类型的口器均由咀嚼式口器衍化而来

一、体制 General Body Plan Three axes of bilaterally symmetrical body -Antenna Ocellus Longitudinal, also _Prothoracic leg