第二篇昆虫的个体发育与生活史 Insect development and life history oNtogeny The pattern of growth from egg to adult 尘一酿娘菜8图
第二篇 昆虫的个体发育与生活史 Insect development and life history ◼Ontogeny ◼The pattern of growth from egg to adult
第一章昆虫的生殖方式 Modes of reproduction 两性生殖 Bisexual reproduction Eggs usually begin meiosis(减数分裂 only after fertilization a The meiosis of sperms have stopped before the fertilization 精子多以精子束形式存在 无鞭毛精子 aflagellate sperm 鞭毛精子 gallate sperm:单鞭毛精子 monoflagellate sperm 双鞭毛精子 biflagellate sperm、多鞭毛精子 multiflagellate sperm
第一章 昆虫的生殖方式 Modes of Reproduction ◼ 一、两性生殖Bisexual reproduction ◼ Eggs usually begin meiosis(减数分裂)only after fertilization. ◼ The meiosis of sperms have stopped before the fertilization. ◼ 精子多以精子束形式存在 ◼ 无鞭毛精子aflagellate sperm ◼ 鞭毛精子flagellate sperm :单鞭毛精子monoflagellate sperm、 双鞭毛精子biflagellate sperm、多鞭毛精子multiflagellate sperm
二、孤雌生殖 Parthenogenesis Reproduction by means of the unfertilized egg 卵未经受精即可发育成新个体的现象 ■1、兼性孤雌生殖 Facultative parthenogenesis 与两性生殖共存,但发生几率很少,故又被称作偶发性孤雌生殖 sporadic parthenogenesis 膜翅目 Hymenoptera、缨翅目 Thysanoptera、同翅目 Homoptera等
二、孤雌生殖Parthenogenesis ◼ Reproduction by means of the unfertilized egg 卵未经受精即可发育成新个体的现象。 ◼ 1、兼性孤雌生殖Facultative parthenogenesis ◼ 与两性生殖共存,但发生几率很少,故又被称作偶发性孤雌生殖 sporadic parthenogenesis ◼ 膜翅目Hymenoptera、缨翅目Thysanoptera、同翅目Homoptera等
专性孤雌生殖 Obligation Parthenogenesis 般无雄性或雄性非常少,卵不经受精而发育为新 体 (1)单倍体产雄孤雌生殖 arrhenotoky Production of haploid male offspring from unfertilized egg ■蜜蜂、粉虱、介壳虫、蓟马等 ■非受精卵发育为雄蜂(单倍体) ■又称经常性孤雌生殖 Constant parthenogenesis 受精卵发育为蜂王、工蜂
2、专性孤雌生殖Obligation Parthenogenesis ◼ 一般无雄性或雄性非常少,卵不经受精而发育为新 个体。 ◼ (1) 单倍体产雄孤雌生殖arrhenotoky ◼ Production of haploid male offspring from unfertilized egg. ◼ 蜜蜂、粉虱、介壳虫、蓟马等 ◼ 非受精卵发育为雄蜂(单倍体) ◼ 又称经常性孤雌生殖Constant parthenogenesis ◼ 受精卵发育为蜂王、工蜂
(2)产雌孤雌生殖 Thelytoky A form of parthenogenesis producing only female offspring. ■雄性非常罕见 例如竹节虫、木虱、象甲、膜翅目的广腰亚目 非受精卵仅产生雌性 受精卵产生雄、雌性
◼ (2)产雌孤雌生殖Thelyotoky ◼ A form of parthenogenesis producing only female offspring. ◼ 雄性非常罕见 ◼ 例如竹节虫、木虱、象甲、膜翅目的广腰亚目 ◼ 非受精卵仅产生雌性 ◼ 受精卵产生雄、雌性