Announcement \Chapter 8 Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics\ in Lubert Stryer's \Biochemistry\ (Fourth Edition) will be used as my major lecture material, which is available for you to Xerox from your TAs. Chapter 8 in Lehninger's“ Principles of Biochemistry can be used as a reference

This equation accounts for the kinetic data given in Figure 8-15.At very low substrate concentration, when [S] is much less than KM, V [s]Vmax/KMi that is, the rate is directly proportional to the substrate concentration At high substrate concentration, when [SI is much greater than KM, V=Vmax; that is, the rate is maximal, independent of substrate

Much of the catalytic power of enzymes comes from their bringing sub- strates together in favorable orientations in enzyme-substrate (ES)com- plexes. The substrates are bound to a specific region of the enzyme called the active site. Most enzymes are highly selective in their binding

process can occur spontaneously is that the entropy changes of chemical reactions are not readily measured. Furthermore, the criterion of sponta- neity given in equation 2 requires that both the entropy change of the surroundings and that of the system of interest be known. These difficul- ties are obviated by using different thermodynar function called the free energy, which is denoted by the symbol G (or F, in the older literature)

一、什么是生物传感器? 生物传感器(Biosensor)是指用固定化的 生物体成分或生物体本身作为敏感元件 的传感器,是一种将生物化学反应能转 换成电信号的分析测试装置

More Problems With Culture 1. The culture concept has been used and misused This notion has traveled around the world it can be considered one of Anthropology's great successes b. Culture has also been distorted 1. Assumptions that cultures have clear boundaries

1. Strength and weakness of anthropology: Anthropologists are often swayed by a single key case a. Weakness in that this is an obviously inadequate sample. No way of knowing if typical or how typical b. Strength in that rich analysis, really can tell you a lot

1.The Nuer a. Famous in anthropology long before Hutchinson's book i. The Nuer were pacified by the British colonial forces 1. After their pacification anthropologists could study them 2. Much of early anthropology was caught up in colonialism b. Studied by many, but there can't be a definitive book on their culture or any other

1. As an organizing principle for life a. We tend to think of kin as something natural biological or as having some basis beyond culture i. For example, children reuniting with birth parents b. Kinship is actually highly variable and artificial from one culture to the next

1. History and Anthropology a. Hutchinson emphasizes that her ethnography tries to encompass the history of the Nuer people b. Evans-Pritchard (Ep)on the other hand, tries only to capture the nuer at one moment in time