American Legion Convention in 1976 in Philadelphia hotel – Respiratory distress and fever – 200 affected – 34 died

General Aspects Ecology – Found throughout the environment Very simple nutritional requirements – Not usually in normal flora unless hospitalized or immunocompromised

Diversity of species Ecology – Found worldwide in soil, water, vegetation, and microbial flora of animals and humans – Some are always associated with disease

Comparison of Meningococcus and Gonococcus Pathobiology Similarities: – Both diploccocci – Share about 80% DNA – Neither makes exotoxin; both make endotoxin – Both are relatively good colonizers

Staphylococci Important human pathogen – Causes both relatively minor and serious diseases One of the hardiest of the non￾sporeforming bacteria – Can exist on dry surfaces for a long period – Relatively heat-resistant; temperature range

Definition – Soluble substances that alter normal metabolism of host cells with deleterious effects on the host Host range – Known for bacteria, but possible that they play a role in diseases caused by fungi

Production of Ab and Activation of Macrophages and Cytotoxic T Cells T-Dependent T-Independent

Arthur Kornberg (1918- ) of the U.S. produced DNA in a test tube. F. Sanger (1918- ) of Britain developed sequencing procedure for proteins, and later for DNA

Functions of Nucleotides RNA and DNA components serving as energy stores for future use in phosphate transfer reactions. These reactions are predominantly carried out by ATP

The term carbohydrate derives from the fact that many of them have a formula that can be simplified to (CH2O)n. Some of these compounds are chemically modified, however, and do not fit the formula due to the modification