质量互变规律是唯物辩证法的基本规律之一。它揭示了事物发展量变和质变的两种状态,,以及由于事物内部矛盾所决定的由量变到质变、再到新的量变的发展过程。通过对于这规律的学习,掌握观察事物的原则和方法。 第一节 质和量的对立统一 第二节 量变和质变及其辩证关系 第三节 质量互变的普遍性和复杂性

The Classic Traditions of Civil Society 社会制衡的思想可以追溯到孟德斯鸠他曾强调一个 存在有贵族阶层的社会对于维护直由的重要性。但是在法 国大革命前后兴起的盎格鲁撒克逊式的保守主义,对托 克维尔的影响更为明显。事实上,保守主义比自由主义和 社会主义更重视教会,社会阶级家庭和财产的权利:它 一方面反对自然权利理论以及更新近的功利主义观念的权 利要求,另一方面又反对日益民的全国性政府的权利要 求

Key Lectures 1)Social Thoughts of Ancient Greece 2)Cosmopolitanism of Mediterranean Empire: Hellenic Social Thoughts 3) Social Thoughts in Roman Law 4) Christian Social Philosophy in the Middle Ages

Key Points Roman Empire and Western Civilization Caesar and concept of western civilization Roma and Greece Roman civilization: architecture, politic and law achievements Roman law three original elements: Greek philosophy, Roman law

Humanists of renaissance

Content Decline of Roman Empire and the rise of Christianity Saint Augustine: City of God Saint Thomas Aquinas: God and Human Being Conflict between church and king Church and Medieval Feudalism

Enlightenment A European cultural movement that reached its height in the 18th century, but which still resonates today Enlightenment theories about economics and philosophy, still widely held today, have provided the basis for numerous critiques from numerous critics including members of the Frankfurt school and most of the leading French thinkers of modern and postmodern eras

Key concepts of Scotch School Nature of Reason and Evolutionary Reason Unintended Consequences of Action Origin of Justice: from Feeling not from Reason Evolutionary Process of Behavior Norms System

Schumpeter: Law of Nature as a Social Science 自然法”这个题目对于所有社 会科学的起源和早期历史都具 有极为重要的意义”,这首先 是因为”自然法哲学家试图建 立一门综合性的社会科学即试 图创立一种有关社会的综合性 理论涉及社会的所有方面和所 有问题 社会科学起源于自然法概念

Expedition and Expansion 1453年,奥斯曼土尔其攻陷君士坦丁堡,希腊学 者逃往西方,带去大批希腊文献,古典复兴由此 肇始。 13-15世纪,蒙古帝国兴起并征伐世界,保证跨 欧亚大陆交通安全。西方人一千年后再次进入东 方,繁盛东西方文化与经济交流;永久性改变种 族与宗教面貌; 西方人在上述事件刺激下,向地中海之外寻求去 东方和印度的航路