D系醛糖的 立体结构 H-OH D(+)甘油醛 hoh (allose H-OH HO H H-OH H oH D()赤鲜糖 D()苏糖 (erythrose) CH,OH CH2OH(threose) OH H H-+OH HO-F H-OH HO-+H H-OH H-OH HOH Ho-TH H-OH OH H-OH H-OH D()核糖CH,OH D()阿拉伯糖cH,OH D(+)木糖CHoH (ribose (xylose) D()米苏糖CH2OH (arabinose) sose 0+H0.+H H H-OH HO-H H-OH HO-H H-OH HO-H H-OH HO-H H-OH H-OH HO-HHO-H H-OH H-OH HO-H HO-H H-OH H-OH H-OH H-OH HO-H HO-+H HO-HHO-H H-OHH-OH H-OH H-OH H-OH H-OH H-OH H H CH,OH CHOH CH,OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CHOH CH,OH D+}阿洛糖D(+)阿桌糖D(+)葡萄糖D(+)-甘露糖D(+)古洛糖D(-艾杜糖D(十}半乳糖D(+)塔罗糖 (allose altrose (glucose (mannose ulose (idose) (galactose)(talose
D系醛糖的 立体结构 D(+)-阿洛糖 D(+)-阿桌糖 D(+)-葡萄糖 D(+)-甘露糖 D(+)-古洛糖 D(-)-艾杜糖 D(+)-半乳糖 D(+)-塔罗糖 (allose) (altrose) (glucose) (mannose) (gulose) (idose) (galactose) (talose) D(-)-赤鲜糖 (erythrose) D(-)-苏糖 (threose) D(+)-甘油醛 (allose) D(-)-核糖 (ribose) D(-)-阿拉伯糖 (arabinose) D(+)-木糖 (xylose) D(-)-米苏糖 (lysose)
D系酮糖的 CHOH CHOH 立体结构 C=O C=0 H OH CH,OH D()赤藓酮糖CH2OH (erythrulose) 二羟丙酮 (dihytroasetone) CHOH CHOH C=O C=0 H-OH HO-H H-OH H-OH D(-)-核酮糖 D(+核酮糖CH,OH (ribulose CHOH (xylulose) CHOH CH OH CH,OH CH,OH C C=O C=O C=0 H-OH HO-H H-OH HO-H H-OH H-OH HO-H HO-H H-OH H-OH H-OH H-OH CHOH CHOH CH,OH CHOH D(+)阿洛酮糖 D()-果糖 D(+)山梨糖 D(-)-洛格酮糖 (psicose, allulose)(fructose) (sorbose (tagalose
D系酮糖的 立体结构 D(-)-赤藓酮糖 (erythrulose) D(-)-核酮糖 (ribulose) D(+)-核酮糖 (xylulose) D(+)-阿洛酮糖 (psicose,allulose) D(-)-果糖 (fructose) D(+)-山梨糖 (sorbose) D(-)-洛格酮糖 (tagalose) 二羟丙酮 (dihytroasetone)
6 CHOH CHOH H O. H HO-C-H0、H H OH H OH H HO OH H OH 吡喃 呋喃 H OH H OH a-D-吡喃葡萄糖 α-D-呋喃葡萄糖 H 6-0 CH,OH HOH, C 6 CHOH H H OpX H HO HO OH H OH OH H OH H o-D-吡喃果糖 -D-呋喃果糖 吡喃型和呋喃型的D-葡萄糖和D-果糖( Haworth式)
吡喃型和呋喃型的D-葡萄糖和D-果糖（Haworth式） 吡喃 呋喃 -D-吡喃葡萄糖 -D-吡喃果糖 -D-呋喃葡萄糖 -D-呋喃果糖
CHOH H H 6HQH成环,HoY=oH H 转折 5C-CH,OH H 旋转1 H OH HO OH OH H 一H 一H a-D-吡喃葡萄糖 H OH H 一OH HO 30 HO 3C-C2 OH CH,OH H OH H OH CHOH 成环 H OH 6 OH HO CC H H OH β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 D葡萄糖由 Fischer式改写为 Haworth式的步骤
D-葡萄糖由Fischer式改写为Haworth式的步骤 转折 旋转 成环 成环 -D-吡喃葡萄糖 -D-吡喃葡萄糖
重要的单糖一戊糖 HOH,C OH HOH,C OH OH O OH OH CH,OH H H HO OH HO H OH HO OH β-D-呋喃核糖2-脱氧β-D-呋喃核糖βD-吡喃木糖-D芹菜糖 CHOH CH,OH O OH HOCH2O、H H一COH HO OH H H Ho> H HOCH2 OH H一C-OH H一C—OH H OH OH H CHOH CH,OH α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖a-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖 D核酮糖 D-木酮糖
重要的单糖—戊糖 -D-呋喃核糖 2-脱氧-D-呋喃核糖 -D-吡喃木糖 -D-芹菜糖 -L-呋喃阿拉伯糖 -D-呋喃阿拉伯糖 D-核酮糖 D-木酮糖