Trends in the Periodic Table Reading:Gray:(2-2)to (2-4)and(2-9) 0GC:(3.1),(3.3),(3.4)and(5.2)to(5.5) IV-1
Trends in the Periodic Table Reading: Gray: (2-2) to (2-4) and (2-9) OGC: (3.1), (3.3), (3.4) and (5.2) to (5.5) IV-1
Now We Can Understand Arrangement of the Periodic Table of Elements ·Trends in Atomic Size Trends in lonization Energy Trends in Electron Affinity Trends in Electronegativity Various Types of Chemical Bonds Combining Ratios of Oxides and Hydrides Shapes of Molecules IV-2
Now We Can Understand • Arrangement of the Periodic Table of Elements • Trends in Atomic Size • Trends in Ionization Energy • Trends in Electron Affinity • Trends in Electronegativity • Various Types of Chemical Bonds • Combining Ratios of Oxides and Hydrides • Shapes of Molecules IV-2
Dmitri Mendeleev St.Petersburg University Invented the periodic table in 1869.Also in that year,he published his book,"Principles of Chemistry."His book compared the atomic weights and the properties of elements that were not known back then. 1906:One vote away from winning a Nobel Prize Died in 1907 IV-3
Invented the periodic table in 1869. Also in that year, he published his book, "Principles of Chemistry." His book compared the atomic weights and the properties of elements that were not known back then. 1906: One vote away from winning a Nobel Prize Died in 1907 Dmitri Mendeleev St. Petersburg University IV-3
Solid-State Molar Volumes (3D) He Ne Na Julius Lothar Meyer B Mg S CI 80 Cs Ca Al Si P K Sr 60 So Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni CuZn Ga Ge As Sel Rn Ba Y In S SnSb Te 40 Zr Nb Mo TeRu Rh Pd Ag Cd Molar volume 20> Lu Hf Ta WReOs Ir Pt Au Ha TI Pb Bi Po cm3 mol 0 123 45 6789101112131415161718 In 1875,Lothar Meyer deduces a periodic trend IV-4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0 20 40 60 80 Solid-State Molar Volumes ( ) 3D Molar volume ( ) cm3 mol Cs Ba H He Rn Sr Y Lu Sc Ti V Cr Zr Hf Ta W Nb Mo Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po Rb K Ca Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Li Be Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Mn Fe Co Zn Ga Ni Cu Ge As Se Br Kr B N O C F Ne At In 1875, Lothar Meyer deduces a periodic trend IV-4
Energy of One Electron in a H atom E(eV) 0- (vacuum energy) -13.6 16 4s 4p 4d 4f -13.6 9 3d -13.6 4 2p where k=13.6 eV; E = 水 n2 n is the principal -13.6 quantum number 1 IV-5
* E(eV) 0 -13.6 16 -13.6 9 -13.6 4 -13.6 1 (vacuum energy) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 4p 4d 4f 3d Energy of One Electron in a H atom * E = -k n2 where k=13.6 eV; n is the principal quantum number IV-5