Multiple-Electron Atoms None of the e eclipsed:Zef=Z 0 One e eclipsed:Zef =Z-1 On Average,Zeft<Z How Much Less Zeff Z Determines Atomic Properties IV-6
On Average, Zeff < Z How Much Less Zeff < Z Determines Atomic Properties Multiple-Electron Atoms None of the e- eclipsed: Zeff = Z One e- eclipsed: Zeff = Z - 1 IV-6
rR2 2s + rR2 2P 1S ◆ IV-7
+ + – – – – – – – + + z x r2R2 1s 2s r2R2 1s 2p IV-7
Shielding r2R2 2p 2s 1s r2R2 probability of finding an electron on the sphere of radius r r An electron in the 2p orbital penetrates somewhat into the 1s orbital IV-8
An electron in the 2p orbital penetrates somewhat into the 1s orbital Shielding r2R2 r2R2 = probability of finding an electron on the sphere of radius r 1s 2p 2s r IV-8
Shielding r2R2 2P 2s 1s r2R2 probability of finding an electron on the sphere of radius r r But a 2s electron penetrates the 1s orbital better than a 2p electron IV-9
Shielding But a 2s electron penetrates the 1s orbital better than a 2p electron r2R2 r2R2 = probability of finding an electron on the sphere of radius r 1s 2p 2s r IV-9
Shielding r2R2 1s 3d 3P39 Penetration: 3s>3p>3d r A 3s electron penetrates the 1s orbital better than a 3p electron IV-10
Shielding A 3s electron penetrates the 1s orbital better than a 3p electron r2R2 r 1s 3d 3p 3s Penetration: 3s > 3p > 3d IV-10