2, Indifference Curve The different products combination that can bring same satisfaction to consumers UAEUB Property of Indifference Curve: A(10,40) .There are many difference curve .Further from origin means B(25,15) more utility level . Never cross with each other . Concave .Negative Slope
2, Indifference Curve The different products combination that can bring same satisfaction to consumers. O X Y A（10，40） B（25，15） UA=UB Property of Indifference Curve: •There are many indifference curve •Further from origin means more utility level •Never cross with each other •Concave •Negative Slope
The combination of ppc and Indifference Curve Equilibrium( optimum) Production and Consumption U2 1U0 Maximum production, but utility less than E Impossible Equilibrium point: ineffective Maximum production maximum utility o
The combination of PPC and Indifference Curve: Equilibrium( Optimum ) Production and Consumption O X Y A E C B U0 U2 U1 ineffective Impossible Maximum production, but utility less than E Equilibrium point： Maximum production, maximum utility
3, Exchange Rate( Comparative price and Trade condition ★ The exchange 11X=2Y rate is equal to the slope of the line ★ The key of exchange rate line is 3X=3Y its slope, not the position. For B exam ple, AB and DE is in different position but has X A E same slope 1X=1Y
3, Exchange Rate ( Comparative price and Trade condition O Y X A B C D E 1X = 1Y 1X = 2Y 3X = 3Y ★The exchange rate is equal to the slope of the line ★The key of exchange rate line is its slope, not the position. For example, AB and DE is in different position but has same slope
贸易前均衡 开展国际贸易前,一国国内的生产和消费状况 国内均衡时,生产可能性曲线与交换比率线重合,实现完全专业化生产 交换比率线 交换比率为1X=2Y 二二二二二二二 X价格下跌,比如: X产量扩大 1X=1.5Y X 生产可能性曲线 边际机会成本为1X=1Y
二、贸易前均衡 开展国际贸易前，一国国内的生产和消费状况 Y O X B A T 生产可能性曲线 边际机会成本为1X = 1Y 交换比率线 交换比率为1X = 2Y X产量扩大 X价格下跌，比如： 1X = 1.5Y 国内均衡时，生产可能性曲线与交换比率线重合，实现完全专业化生产
根据生产可能性曲线的斜率 判断一国的比较优势 1X=1Y 相对于B国而言, B 1X=3Y X成本更低 相对于A国而 言,X成本更高, Y成本更低 X O A A A国 B国
根据生产可能性曲线的斜率 判断一国的比较优势 Y O X B A Y O X B1 A1 A 国 B 国 1X = 1Y 相对于B国而言， X成本更低 1X = 3Y 相对于A国而 言，X成本更高， Y成本更低