Morphological changes in apoptosis 豢 Cell membrane coplasm 豢 Cell nucleus + Apoptotic body Phagocytose Normal Cell condensation margination Budding poptotic Cel poptotic bodies Changes of cell membrane
Morphological changes in apoptosis Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell nucleus Apoptotic body Phagocytose Normal Cell Apoptotic Cell condensation margination Apoptotic Bodies Budding Changes of Cell membrane
Apoptosis and Necrosis Apoptosis Necrosis Nature Physiologicalor Pathological accidental pathological; specific Stimulus Mild Strong Biochemistry Active, energy-dependent, Passive, energy-independent,no new protein synthesis protein synthesis DNA Specific degradation. Random degradation ladder(180-200 bp) Morphology Intact, shrinkage, Lysis, swelling condensation Inflammation No Y Apoptotic body Y No Gene regulation Yes No
Apoptosis Necrosis Nature Physiological or pathological; specific Pathological, accidental Stimulus Mild Strong Biochemistry Active, energy-dependent, new protein synthesis Passive, energy-independent, no protein synthesis DNA Specific degradation, ladder (180-200 bp) Random degradation Morphology Intact, shrinkage, condensation Lysis, swelling Inflammation No Yes Apoptotic body Yes No Gene regulation Yes No Apoptosis and Necrosis
Morphological differences in apoptosis and necrosis NECROSIS APOPTOSIS Mild convolution Chromatin clumping Swollen organelles Chromatin compaction Flocculent mitochondria and segregation Condensation of Nuclear fragmentation Blebbing Apoptotic bodies Disintegration Release of Apoptotic body intracellular contents Phagocytic ll Inflammation
Morphological differences in apoptosis and necrosis
Biochemical Changes in Apoptosis 秦 Caspase activation Endonuclease activation
Biochemical Changes in Apoptosis Caspase activation Endonuclease activation
Caspases: (cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases) Most apoptotic proteolytic cleavage results from the action of caspases Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage > Removal of prodomain and linker region Assembly of the large and small subunits into an active enzyme complex >Two heterodimers interacting via the small subunits to form a tetramer with two catalytic sites Family members>14
➢Most apoptotic proteolytic cleavage results from the action of caspases ➢Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage ➢Removal of prodomain and linker region ➢Assembly of the large and small subunits into an active enzyme complex ➢Two heterodimers interacting via the small subunits to form a tetramer with two catalytic sites ➢ Family members>14 Caspases: (cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases)