Plant cell anatomy. a Generalized drawing. b, Transmission electron micrograph of young leaf cell. See Table 4.1 for a description of these structures, along with a listing of their functions. microtubule uclear central vacuole nuc nucleolus nuclear chloroplas rough ER smooth ER plasma membrane Golgi apparatus mitochondrion intracellular space middle lamella cell wall of adjacent cell Figure 1-0
Figure 1-0
OUTSIDE OF CELL Water molecules Water-selective pore (aquaporin Membrane bilayer CYTOPLASM
⚫ Figure 1-1
aA thistle tube, covered at the broad end by .ter Osmosis demonstration less wate a10% sugar solution. The beaker contain略 solution rises due to movement 5% sugar solution. b. The solute(green of water toward net movement of water circles) is unable to pass through the to inside of thistle tube higher percentage membrane, but the water passes freely of solute through in both directions, A net movement of solute water toward the inside of the thistle tube occurs because the thistle tube has a higher percentage of solute. C In the end, the level of the solution rises in the thistle tube until more water hydrostatic pressure increases to the level of(lower osmotic pressure. percentage of solute) membrane a In the beginning b h the meantime c In the end Figure 1-2
Figure 1-2
(a)In hypotonic uole of a plant cell fills but the rigid cell walls prevent the cell from expanding. The ells of this healthy begonia plant are turgid. (b and c)When the begonia plant is exposed to a hypertonic solution, its cel become plasmolyzed as they lose water. The plant wilts and eventually dies. (Dennis Plasn Nucleus membrane Vacuole Vacuole membrane ( tonoplast Cytoplasm asma membrane Figure 1-2-1
Figure 1-2-1
Osmosis in Isotonic Hypertonic animal and plant cells. Hypotonic Conditions Conditions Conditions Animal a. No net movement of water b, Water enters the cell, whicl c. Water exits the cell, which into and out of the cell may burst(lysis)due to shrivels(crenation osmotic pressure Plant Cells sma membrane chloroplast d No net movement of water e. Vacuoles fill the water, turgor t. Vacuoles lose water. the Figure 1-2-2 into and out of the cell pressure develops, and cytosol shrinks(pla osmosiS chloroplasts are seen next to and chloroplasts are seen in the cell wall the center of the cell
Figure 1-2-2