CYTOSOL PLASTID Storage, phloem transport==Sucrose I Starch Pentose Glycolysis Pentose phosphate phosphate pathway Hexose-P Hexose-Pl pathway Pentose-P Pentose-P Triose-P Triose-P CO?NADPH CO2 NADPH Photosynthesis Storage Organic acids ATP NADH空ATP MITOCHONDRION NADH Citric acid FADH2 Oxidative phosphorylation cycle breakdown Figure 4-1
Figure 4-1
Initial phase of glycolysis substrates from different moln me ere channeled into triose phosphate, For stare nolecules of triose phosphate CYTosoL Sucrose process requires an input of up to 4 ATP PLASTID Invertase Sucrose synthase Glycolysis Glucose Fructose UDP-Glucose phosphorylasE Starch PD H2o.Amylase ATP CATP PP: UDP-Glucase pyrophosphorylase 1-P Glucose Hexokinase UTP CADPD ADPD cosewl-E Phospho ATP J Phosphoglucomutase p Glucose kinase Glucose6-P a Fructose.P e GIucose6-P Glucose.t Hexose phosphates Hexes AMYLOPLASTS ate phosphato isomerase fomor .ATP hosphofructokir opende phosphofructokinase PCADP Fructose-1 6-bisphosphate Aldolase CHLOROPLASTS Trios Glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone Triose phosphates 3-phosphate ose phosphate phosphate phosphates NAD+ NADH+ Eneroy-conserving phase of glycoysis 3-phosphate dehydrogenase NAD. prespurcet s nApe tv ocerrdetvd 1.3-Bisphosphogtycerate Phosphoglycerate kinase Phosphen alterno sactions catalyzed by 式ATP PhosphoenoypN ive end produevato be converted to 3-Phosphoglycerate an be reoxidized during fermentation Phosphoglycerate mutase dehydrogenase 2-Phosphoglycorate HO Enolase HcOa Phosphoenolpyruvate PEP carboxylase oxaloacetate Pyruvate kinase NADH Malate AT NAD+ Pyruvate [ Malate NADH Lactate INAD+ dehydrogenase Pyruvate Lactate carboxylase MITOCHONDRION Figure 4-2 Acetaldehyd NADH Alcohol dehydrogenase 扩tien Ethanol reactions
Figure 4-2
Intermembrane space- Outer membrane Inner membrane CADP ATP Matrix Cristae FIGURE 1.15(A)Diagrammatic representation of a mito- chondron, including the location of the H*-ATPases involved in ATP synthesis on the inner membrane. Figure 4-3 (B)An electron micrograph of mitochondria from a leaf cell of Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon(26,000x)(Photo by s. E. Frederick, courtesy of E. H. Newcomb.)
Figure 4-3
Malic enzyme decarboxylates malate to ruvate pyruvate and enables H plant mitochondria to oxidize malate NAD. vale NADH cO? CH, NADH Citrate Malic dehydrogenase -CH2- enzyme AD NAD' Oxaloacetate Citrate Aconitase Malate Fumarase Citric Isocitrate -2-2 nel Fumarate cycle NADT Succinate dehydrogenase Isocitrate dehydrogenase NADH Succinate 2.Oxoglutarate eCO - ATP succinyl-CoA Succinyl-CoA synthetase (ADP One molecule of ATp is 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase synthesized by a substrate- level phosphorylation CO, INADH during the reaction catalyzed by succinyl-CoA FIGURE 11.6 Reactions and enzymes of the plant citric acid cycle, Pyruvate is Figure 4-4 completely oxidized to three molecules of CO,. The electrons released during these oxidations are used to reduce four molecules of NAD' to NADH and one molecule of FAD to FADH
Figure 4-4
NADPH is generated in the first The ribulose-s-phosphato is two reactions of th converted to tho acolyte where qlucose-s phosphate intermediates fructose bese reactions are esse品t hosphate d olyceraldehycte-3t- irreversible Poegtap ie interconversion TH。s H,O-(P) reactions are freely eversible Ribulose-5-phosphate Pentose phosphate Homare Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose-6- NADPY HIsOft - NADPH HoR HcON Hc《 CH,O-(P) CH,(P) HoArd Ribose-5-phosphate Xylulose-5-phosphate Transketolase CH,OH G-Phosphoglucorete co NADP *NADPH CHO-P) dehydroge CHOH lvceraldehydc HCOH RiCOH HCOH HCOH pilose 7-phosphate CH,O-(P) Ribulose-S-phosphate Transaldolase CHOI cHIe cO》4 HocH Hexose phosphate Isomerase CH2O-E throne- hosphate CHo-P Transketolase Fructose-6-phosphate HoI CH,O-(P) Figure 4-5
Figure 4-5