Strangers at the gate
Strangers at the Gate Strangers at the Gate
Opium and the opium War a China has no desire to organize trade on the european model-what was the story after a Social life of opium in China: for medical purpose;, in 18t century, smoke pure opium sap in a pipe to releve hysical and emotional pain -but addictive pays In India. British invested in the manufacture and distribution of opium- seeing its sale as a way to solve the problem of their balance of payments with China 200 chests in1729;1,00 chests in1767;4,500by1800; 10,000by1825;40,000n1828
Opium and the Opium War Opium and the Opium War China has no desire to organize trade on the European China has no desire to organize trade on the European model – what was the story after? what was the story after? Social life of opium in China: for medical purpose; in 18 Social life of opium in China: for medical purpose; in 18th century, smoke pure opium sap in a pipe to relieve century, smoke pure opium sap in a pipe to relieve physical and emotional pain physical and emotional pain – but addictive. but addictive. In India, British invested in the manufacture and In India, British invested in the manufacture and distribution of opium distribution of opium – seeing its sale as a way to solve seeing its sale as a way to solve the problem of their balance of payments with China. the problem of their balance of payments with China. (200 chests in 1729; 1,000 (200 chests in 1729; 1,000 chests in 1767; 4,500 by 1800; chests in 1767; 4,500 by 1800; 10,000 by 1825; 40,000 in 1828). 10,000 by 1825; 40,000 in 1828)
Opium Smokers Calcutta: private merchants smuggling opium a Southern China: smuggling and smoking 1800-1818 Chinese private merchants Macao <fast boats through Canton -- inland along the sea coast ---inland suzhou 100,000 smokers around the time Smokers: not only nobles, high officials, but also lower gentry class, soldiers Why? After 1819, more opium harvest competition lowered the cost
Opium Smokers Opium Smokers Calcutta: private merchants smu Calcutta: private merchants smuggling opium gling opium Southern China: smuggling and smoking Southern China: smuggling and smoking 1800 -1818: Chinese private merchants 1818: Chinese private merchants Macao Macao --- “fast boats fast boats ” --- through Canton through Canton --- inland --- along the sea coast along the sea coast --- inland (Suzhou, inland (Suzhou, 100,000 smokers around the time) 100,000 smokers around the time) Smokers: not only nobles, high officials, but also Smokers: not only nobles, high officials, but also lower gentry class, soldiers lower gentry class, soldiers Why? After 1819, more opium harvest, Why? After 1819, more opium harvest, competition lowered the cost. competition lowered the cost
Balance of trade a 18h century: tea, porcelain, Silk ---first ten years of the 1gth century 26 million income 1828-1836. 38 million outflow from china In 1830, at least 4 million pounds were transferred from India to england USing the rest of profits A. to buy more opium to sell to Chinese; B. to buy tea back to england to sell
Balance of Trade Balance of Trade 18th century: tea, porcelain, silk century: tea, porcelain, silk --- first ten years first ten years of the 19 of the 19th century, 26 million income century, 26 million income 1828 -1836, 38 million outflow from China 1836, 38 million outflow from China In 1830, at least 4 million pounds were transferred In 1830, at least 4 million pounds were transferred from India to England from India to England ----- Using the rest of profits: Using the rest of profits: A. to buy more opium to sell to Chinese; B. to A. to buy more opium to sell to Chinese; B. to buy tea back to England to sell buy tea back to England to sell
To Suppress Opium Chinese officials wanted to control the situation. i. e moralists In 1820, Ruan Yuan put 16 Chinese( cantonese merchants who smuggled opium trade into jail a However, 1822-1830 the trading still reached its peak time 18.760 chests a Why?(waterways, opium transportation, bribes 1839 Daoguang Emperor sent an incorrupt Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to compel foreign traders to stop opium
To Suppress Opium To Suppress Opium Chinese officials wanted to Chinese officials wanted to control the situation, control the situation, i.e. moralists moralists In 1820, In 1820, Ruan Yuan put 16 Chinese (Cantonese) Yuan put 16 Chinese (Cantonese) merchants who smuggled opium trade into jail. merchants who smuggled opium trade into jail. However, 1822 However, 1822 -1830 the trading still reached its peak 1830 the trading still reached its peak time 18,760 chests. time 18,760 chests. Why? (waterways, opium transportation, bribes) Why? (waterways, opium transportation, bribes) 1839 Daoguang Daoguang Emperor sent an incorrupt Imperial Emperor sent an incorrupt Imperial Commissioner, Lin Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to compel foreign traders to , to compel foreign traders to stop opium. stop opium