Psychology: perspectives: Theoretically diverse, and each perspective stems fromvarious schools of thought.The study of contemporary psychology is mainlyapproached from five perspectives:- Biological:is an orientation toward understanding the biological basesofbehaviorand mentalprocess- Psychoanalytic: emphasizes the role of early childhood experience andthe unconscious mind.It provides the first systematic explanation oftheinner mental forces determining human behavior.- Behavioral: focuses on stimuli and responses, and argues that nearly allbehaviors are the result of learning, and all behavior can be explainedwithoutthe needto consider internal mental states or consciousnessHumanistic:concernedwiththe subjectiveexperienceofhumanbeings, and offers a very positive viewpoint of human nature andpotential, and emphasizes the growth and fulfillment of the self (self-actualization)- Cognitive: emphasizes that cognitive processes actively organize andmanipulate information that we receive
Psychology: perspectives • Theoretically diverse, and each perspective stems from various schools of thought • The study of contemporary psychology is mainly approached from five perspectives: – Biological: is an orientation toward understanding the biological bases of behavior and mental process – Psychoanalytic: emphasizes the role of early childhood experience and the unconscious mind. It provides the first systematic explanation of the inner mental forces determining human behavior. – Behavioral: focuses on stimuli and responses, and argues that nearly all behaviors are the result of learning, and all behavior can be explained without the need to consider internal mental states or consciousness – Humanistic: concerned with the subjective experience of human beings, and offers a very positive viewpoint of human nature and potential, and emphasizes the growth and fulfillment of the self (selfactualization) – Cognitive: emphasizes that cognitive processes actively organize and manipulate information that we receive
Behavioral perspectiveconditioned reflexoperant conditionreflexSocial learning中华人民共和国中华人民共和国国家科学技术装的湖家科学技术实品证书证书Before conditioningFOODSALIVATION(UCS)(UCR)SpeakerPelletSignalBELLNORESPONSEdispenserlightsLeverding,ding!During conditioningSALIVATIONBELL+FOODDispenser(UcS)(UCR)dna.dintubeAfterconditioningSALIVATIONBELLTo shock(CS)(CR)generatorFoodcupElectric gridding.ding!
Behavioral perspective • conditioned reflex • operant condition reflex • Social learning