10 Things You Need to Know Table 1.2:Document Class Options 10pt,11pt,12pt Sets the size of the main font in the document.If no option is specified,10pt is assumed. Defines the paper size.The default size is Besides that,a5paper,b5paper,executivepaper, and legalpaper can be specified. fleqn Typesets displayed formulae left-aligned instead of centred. leqn Places the numbering of formulae on the left hand side instead of the right. titlepage Spe cifies whether a new pag should be t title of ot. cle class does not onecolum odoinloewocoiam Instructs ITEX to typeset the document in one twoside, oneside Specifies whether should be ted.Th single sided sided and theoo class is double sided by default.Note that this option concerns the style of the document only.The option twoside does not tell the printer you use that it should actually make a two-sided printout. landscape Changes the layout of the document to print in landscape mode openright,openany Makes chapters begin either only on right hand pages or on the next page available.This does not work with the article class,as it does not know about chapters.The report class ne bok
10 Things You Need to Know Table 1.2: Document Class Options. 10pt, 11pt, 12pt Sets the size of the main font in the document. If no option is specified, 10pt is assumed. a4paper, letterpaper, … Defines the paper size. The default size is letterpaper. Besides that, a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper, and legalpaper can be specified. fleqn Typesets displayed formulae left-aligned instead of centred. leqno Places the numbering of formulae on the left hand side instead of the right. titlepage, notitlepage Specifies whether a new page should be started after the document title or not. The article class does not start a new page by default, while report and book do. onecolumn, twocolumn Instructs LATEX to typeset the document in one column or two columns. twoside, oneside Specifies whether double or single sided output should be generated. The classes article and report are single sided and the book class is double sided by default. Note that this option concerns the style of the document only. The option twoside does not tell the printer you use that it should actually make a two-sided printout. landscape Changes the layout of the document to print in landscape mode. openright, openany Makes chapters begin either only on right hand pages or on the next page available. This does not work with the article class, as it does not know about chapters. The report class by default starts chapters on the next page available and the book class starts them on right hand pages
1.7 Files You Might Encounter 1.6.2 Packages While writing your document,you will probably find that there are som areas where basi the packages.Package the \usepackage [options]{package} command,where package is the name of the package and options is a list of keywords that trigger special features in the package.The \usepackage command goes into the preamble of the document.See section 1.4 for detai Some pa com with the bas n(Se Table 1.3 separately.You may fi tion on th The iptions on hundr ith information of ho your own extensions to TEX 2e. Modern TEX distributions come with a large number of packages prein- stalled.If you are working on a Unix system,use the command texdoc for accessing package documentation. 1.6.3 Page Styles IXTEX supports three predefined header/footer combinations-so-called page styles.The style parameter of the \pagestyle{style} combl to change the page style of the current page with the com 八thispagestyle(sl A description how to create your own headers and footers can be found in The BTEX Companion B]and in section 4.3 on page 76. 1.7 Files You Might Encounter in a maze of files types you with TEX.Plea
1.7 Files You Might Encounter 11 1.6.2 Packages While writing your document, you will probably find that there are some areas where basic LATEX cannot solve your problem. If you want to include graphics, coloured text or source code from a file into your document, you need to enhance the capabilities of LATEX. Such enhancements are called packages. Packages are activated with the \usepackage[options]{package} command, where package is the name of the package and options is a list of keywords that trigger special features in the package. The \usepackage command goes into the preamble of the document. See section 1.4 for details. Some packages come with the LATEX 2ε base distribution (See Table 1.3). Others are provided separately. You may find more information on the packages installed at your site in your Local Guide [5]. The prime source for information about LATEX packages is The LATEX Companion [3]. It contains descriptions on hundreds of packages, along with information of how to write your own extensions to LATEX 2ε. Modern TEX distributions come with a large number of packages preinstalled. If you are working on a Unix system, use the command texdoc for accessing package documentation. 1.6.3 Page Styles LATEX supports three predefined header/footer combinations—so-called page styles. The style parameter of the \pagestyle{style} command defines which one to use. Table 1.4 lists the predefined page styles. It is possible to change the page style of the current page with the command \thispagestyle{style} A description how to create your own headers and footers can be found in The LATEX Companion [3] and in section 4.3 on page 76. 1.7 Files You Might Encounter When you work with LATEX you will soon find yourself in a maze of files with various extensions and probably no clue. The following list explains the various file types you might encounter when working with TEX. Please
2 Things You Need to Know Table 1.3:Some of the Packages Distributed with IXTEX doc Allows the documentation of ITEX programs. Described in doc.dtx and in The LTEX Companion 3. exscale Provides scaled versions of the math extension font. Described in ltexscale.dtx. fontenc Specifies which font encoding ITEX should use. Described in ltoutenc.dtx. ifthen Provides commands of the form Described in ifthen.dtx and The LTEX Companion 3. latexsym To access the lxTx symbol font.you should use the latexsvn package.Described in latexsym.dtx and in The BTEX Companion 3. syntonly Processes a document without typesetting it. of an intosh.Next.ANSI-Window -definedp inputenc.dtx. "This file should be installed on your s tem.and you should be able to g Table 1.4:The Predefined Page Styles of IATEX pe the headings prints the current chapter heading and the page number in the empty sets both the header and the footer to be empty
12 Things You Need to Know Table 1.3: Some of the Packages Distributed with LATEX. doc Allows the documentation of LATEX programs. Described in doc.dtxa and in The LATEX Companion [3]. exscale Provides scaled versions of the math extension font. Described in ltexscale.dtx. fontenc Specifies which font encoding LATEX should use. Described in ltoutenc.dtx. ifthen Provides commands of the form ‘if…then do…otherwise do….’ Described in ifthen.dtx and The LATEX Companion [3]. latexsym To access the LATEX symbol font, you should use the latexsym package. Described in latexsym.dtx and in The LATEX Companion [3]. makeidx Provides commands for producing indexes. Described in section 4.2 and in The LATEX Companion [3]. syntonly Processes a document without typesetting it. inputenc Allows the specification of an input encoding such as ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM code pages, Apple Macintosh, Next, ANSI-Windows or user-defined one. Described in inputenc.dtx. aThis file should be installed on your system, and you should be able to get a dvi file by typing latex doc.dtx in any directory where you have write permission. The same is true for all the other files mentioned in this table. Table 1.4: The Predefined Page Styles of LATEX. plain prints the page numbers on the bottom of the page, in the middle of the footer. This is the default page style. headings prints the current chapter heading and the page number in the header on each page, while the footer remains empty. (This is the style used in this document) empty sets both the header and the footer to be empty
1.7 Files You Might Encounter note that this table does not claim to be a complete list of extensions,but if you find one missing that you think is important,please drop me a line. .tex ITEX or TEX input file.Can be compiled with latex. .sty ITEX Macro package.Load this into your TEX document using the \usepackage command. .dtx Documented TEX.This is the main distribution format for ITEX style files.If you process a .dtx file you get documented macro code of the LIEX package contained in the .dtx file. ins The installer for the files contained in the matchingdtx file.If you download t,you wil nor They are selected fd Font description file telling ITEX about new fonts The following files are generated when you run TX on your input file: .dvi Device Independent File.This is the main result of a classical ITEX compile run.Look at its content with a DVI previewer program or send it to a printer with dvips or a similar application.If you are using pdflTEX then you should not see any of these file log Gives a detailed account of what happened during the last compiler run. toc Stores all your r section t gets read in for the next compiler run and is used to produce the table of contents of This is like.toc but for the list of figures .lot And again the same for the list of tables next es all ssed .idx file,ready for inclusion into your document on the i1g Logfile telling what makeindex did
1.7 Files You Might Encounter 13 note that this table does not claim to be a complete list of extensions, but if you find one missing that you think is important, please drop me a line. .tex LATEX or TEX input file. Can be compiled with latex. .sty LATEX Macro package. Load this into your LATEX document using the \usepackage command. .dtx Documented TEX. This is the main distribution format for LATEX style files. If you process a .dtx file you get documented macro code of the LATEX package contained in the .dtx file. .ins The installer for the files contained in the matching .dtx file. If you download a LATEX package from the net, you will normally get a .dtx and a .ins file. Run LATEX on the .ins file to unpack the .dtx file. .cls Class files define what your document looks like. They are selected with the \documentclass command. .fd Font description file telling LATEX about new fonts. The following files are generated when you run LATEX on your input file: .dvi Device Independent File. This is the main result of a classical LATEX compile run. Look at its content with a DVI previewer program or send it to a printer with dvips or a similar application. If you are using pdfLATEX then you should not see any of these files. .log Gives a detailed account of what happened during the last compiler run. .toc Stores all your section headers. It gets read in for the next compiler run and is used to produce the table of contents. .lof This is like .toc but for the list of figures. .lot And again the same for the list of tables. .aux Another file that transports information from one compiler run to the next. Among other things, the .aux file is used to store information associated with cross-references. .idx If your document contains an index. LATEX stores all the words that go into the index in this file. Process this file with makeindex. Refer to section 4.2 on page 74 for more information on indexing. .ind The processed .idx file, ready for inclusion into your document on the next compile cycle. .ilg Logfile telling what makeindex did
Things You Need to Know 1.8 Big Projects When working on big documents,you might want to split the input file into several parts.ITEX has two commands that help you to do that. \include(filename} Use thiscommand in the document body to insert the contents ofanother file al me te sed in the n eamble.It allows you to \includeonly(filename,filename.> After this command is executed in the preamble of the document,only include commands for the filenames that are listed in the argument of the mand starts type ting the included text on a ne n you i e page bre might not be dsirable tis the metimes this \input{filename} dIt simply includes the file specified.No flashy suitsnostrin atta nt use packag K skim thro svntax and usa of the co mmands but doesn't produc Asruns faster this mode you masave valuable time. Usage is very simple: When you want to produce pages,just comment out the second line (by adding a percent sign)
14 Things You Need to Know 1.8 Big Projects When working on big documents, you might want to split the input file into several parts. LATEX has two commands that help you to do that. \include{filename} Use this command in the document body to insert the contents of another file named filename.tex. Note that LATEX will start a new page before processing the material input from filename.tex. The second command can be used in the preamble. It allows you to instruct LATEX to only input some of the \included files. \includeonly{filename,filename,…} After this command is executed in the preamble of the document, only \include commands for the filenames that are listed in the argument of the \includeonly command will be executed. The \include command starts typesetting the included text on a new page. This is helpful when you use \includeonly, because the page breaks will not move, even when some include files are omitted. Sometimes this might not be desirable. In this case, use the \input{filename} command. It simply includes the file specified. No flashy suits, no strings attached. To make LATEX quickly check your document use the syntonly package. This makes LATEX skim through your document only checking for proper syntax and usage of the commands, but doesn’t produce any (pdf) output. As LATEX runs faster in this mode you may save yourself valuable time. Usage is very simple: \usepackage{syntonly} \syntaxonly When you want to produce pages, just comment out the second line (by adding a percent sign)