初中英语语法总结(从句) 从句分为定语从句,状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和 非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分。状 语从包分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句 包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及 there be句型。 主系表结构、主谓(宾)结构、 there be结构是英语的三大基本句式,无论 个句子有多长、多复杂,它总是属于这三大句式中的一种。 学习基本句式,句子成分是一个关键的概念,它是指句子的组成单位,不同 的句式由不同的句子成分组成。如:主系表结构的成分有主语、系动词、表 语:主谓(宾)结构的成分有主语、谓语、宾语; there be结构的主要成分 是主语 英语中的句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语, 等等。这些句子成分可以由单词、词组或句子充当,当这些成分由句子充当 时,我们就有了相应的从句,如:充当主语成分的句子为主语从句,充当宾 语成分的句子为宾语从句,等等。 英语从句三大类型 按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句 一,名词性从句 1主语从句 Whether it'sright or not remains to be seen 2宾语从句 I wonder whether it's right or not 3同位语从句 This is a question whether it's right or not 4表语从句 The question is whether it's right or not 二,定语从句
初中英语语法总结(从句) 英语从句三大类型 按一般说法,可分为三大类 14 种从句。 一,名词性从句 1 主语从句 Whether it's right or not remains to be seen. 2 宾语从句 I wonder whether it's right or not. 3 同位语从句 This is a question whether it's right or not. 4 表语从句 The question is whether it's right or not. 二,定语从句 从句分为定语从句,状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和 非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分。状 语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句 包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及 there be 句型。 主系表结构、主谓(宾)结构、there be 结构是英语的三大基本句式,无论 一个句子有多长、多复杂,它总是属于这三大句式中的一种。 学习基本句式,句子成分是一个关键的概念,它是指句子的组成单位,不同 的句式由不同的句子成分组成。如:主系表结构的成分有主语、系动词、表 语;主谓(宾)结构的成分有主语、谓语、宾语;there be 结构的主要成分 是主语。 英语中的句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语, 等等。这些句子成分可以由单词、词组或句子充当,当这些成分由句子充当 时,我们就有了相应的从句,如:充当主语成分的句子为主语从句,充当宾 语成分的句子为宾语从句,等等
1限定性定语从句 She is the student who can speak English well 2非限定性定语从句 She is the student, who can speak English wel 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句 The fact will come out when he comes here 2地点状语从句 You can go wherever you like 3原因状语从句 Pay more attention to your lessons because you area student 4方式状语从句 He walks as ifhe were a king 5目的状语从句 She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well 6结果状语从句 She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well 7条件状语从句 I will understand it if he tells me 8让步状语从句 He knows a lot though he is little 定语从句
1 限定性定语从句 She is the student who can speak English well. 2 非限定性定语从句 She is the student, who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1 时间状语从句 The fact will come out when he comes here. 2 地点状语从句 You can go wherever you like. 3 原因状语从句 Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4 方式状语从句 He walks as if he were a king. 5 目的状语从句 She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6 结果状语从句 She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7 条件状语从句 I will understand it if he tells me. 8 让步状语从句 He knows a lot though he is little. 1.定语从句
There are some old books in the box The boy dressed in blue is from America 分清几个概念:先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修 饰的中心词;关系代词主要有who,whom, whose, which,that;关系副词主 要有when, where,why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用,一是连接主句 和从句的作用,二是在定语从句中做成分 ■定语从句分为:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句如果 去掉会影响句子意义的完整性,非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子 意义的完整性,如: July is the month when we have a lot of rain There are many plays(that)I'd like to see The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago L韭限定性定语从句,其作用为:对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明,它与主句 用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中, which可代表前面的整个句子;代表人时只能用who,whom,而不能用that as也可用作关系代词。例如 1.The telephone, as we know, was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell 2. Franklin D. Roosevelt, who died there on april 12, 1945 3 Living in a damp(潮湿的) house for a long time is harmful to one' s health is known to everyone 2限定性定语从句中tha可代表人和事,而 which只代表事;二者在从句中作 主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略, which则不能,而且其后的“不及物动 词+介词”中的介词不能省略。 which作宾语时,先行词与 which之间的介词 不能省。例如: 1. The first doll that could say "mama was invented in 1830 2. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the Cape Horn合恩角 >代表al, anything, something, nothing,much等词时,用that而不用 which,that作宾语可省略。例如 1. I care anything that has something to do with it 2. You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him 3. That is the last time we met each other 4. I came across the woman you told me about yesterday who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语。 where 是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而when用来表示时间。 whose 是关系代词,修饰名词作定语。例如 1. Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of
There are some old books in the box. The boy dressed in blue is from America. ➢ 分清几个概念:先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修 饰的中心词;关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词主 要有 when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用,一是连接主句 和从句的作用,二是在定语从句中做成分。 ◼ 定语从句分为:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句如果 去掉会影响句子意义的完整性,非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子 意义的完整性,如: July is the month when we have a lot of rain. There are many plays (that) I’d like to see. The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot. This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago. 1. 非限定性定语从句,其作用为:对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明,它与主句 用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中, which 可代表前面的整个句子;代表人时只能用 who,whom,而不能用 that; as 也可用作关系代词。例如: 1.The telephone,as we know,was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell. 2.Franklin D.Roosevelt,who died there on April 12,1945. 3.Living in a damp(潮湿的) house for a long time is harmful to one’s health, which is known to everyone. 2. 限定性定语从句中 that 可代表人和事,而 which 只代表事;二者在从句中作 主语或宾语。that 作宾语时常可省略,which 则不能,而且其后的“不及物动 词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which 作宾语时,先行词与 which 之间的介词 不能省。例如: 1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830. 2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part,during which he sailed round the Cape Horn 合恩角. ➢ 代表 all,anything,something,nothing,much 等词时,用 that 而不用 which,that 作宾语可省略。例如: 1.I care anything that has something to do with it. 2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him. 3.That is the last time we met each other. 4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday. ➢ who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语。where 是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而 when 用来表示时间。whose 是关系代词,修饰名词作定语。例如: 1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of
mass production 2. The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower eg 3.The next morning, when she came down to breakfast, Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery 4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department 注意几点:that可替代who,whom(指人),也可替代 which(指物) whose既可指人又可指物 引导定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时,不用that,只 用 which∥不能用whch,只能用that的情况 几个例子: Is she the girl that/who sells flowers? The train that/which has iust left is for Xian The people (who/that/whom) you were talking to were Russians The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin i have never met the boy whose mother is a famous actress My book is on the table whose legs are broken He went to China in 1945. when the War World Ii was over Look, this is the house where the writer was born The tool with which he is working is called a wrench(F) 2.状语从句 He swims fast Nervous, he opened the letter Legs broken the sold ier crawled back home She used to stay up until midnight With a book in his hand the teacher came in 状语从句可分为:时间状语从包(主要由when, whenever, after, since,once, until,, while等连词引导),结果状语从包(由so.that和 s 连接),让步状语从包(由 though, although, no matter, even if, however,, whatever等词引导),原因状语从包(由as, because, since和for引导),条件 状语从包(由if, whether, as long as, provided that等词引导),地点状语丛 句(由 where引导),行为方式状语从句由as引导)。有时条件状语从句中, 主句不可以用将来时,而用一般时代替。 状语从句中的“主语+be”可以省略,前提是:从句主语和主句主语一致,且 从句谓语"be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词/过去分词介词短语/形容词 /名词短语”。)例如 1.If necessary, I would like to see you in your office 2. Although seriously wounded, he never complained
mass production. 2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 3.The next morning, when she came down to breakfast , Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new,great discovery. 4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department. ➢ 注意几点:that 可替代 who, whom(指人),也可替代 which(指物) whose 既可指人又可指物 引导定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时,不用 that,只 用 which// 不能用 which,只能用 that 的情况…. 几个例子:Is she the girl that/who sells flowers? The train that/which has just left is for Xi’an. The people (who/that/whom) you were talking to were Russians. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. I have never met the boy whose mother is a famous actress. My book is on the table whose legs are broken. He went to China in 1945, when the War World II was over. Look, this is the house where the writer was born. The tool with which he is working is called a wrench(扳手). 2.状语从句 He swims fast. Nervous, he opened the letter. Legs broken, the soldier crawled back home. She used to stay up until midnight. With a book in his hand, the teacher came in. ➢ 状语从句可分为:时间状语从句(主要由 when,whenever,after,before,a5, since,once,until,while 等连词引导),结果状语从句(由 so…that 和 such…that 连接),让步状语从句(由 though,although, no matter,even if, however, whatever 等词引导),原因状语从句(由 as,because,since 和 for 引导),条件 状语从句(由 if, whether,as long as,provided that 等词引导),地点状语从 句(由 where 引导),行为方式状语从句(由 as 引导)。有时条件状语从句中, 主句不可以用将来时,而用一般时代替。 ➢ 状语从句中的 “主语+be”可以省略,前提是:从句主语和主句主语一致,且 从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词/过去分词介词短语/形容词 /名词短语”。) 例如: 1.If necessary,I would like to see you in your office. 2.Although seriously wounded,he never complained.
条件状语从句: 1)Let' s go out for a walk unless you are too tired、(除非,若不;相当于if-not Bp: If you are too tired, we'll not go out for a walk 3) Take your umbrella in case it rains.(% o it clean(只要,表示条件的唯一性) 2) You may borrow my book as long as you ke 以免--) 4)I can tell you the truth on cond ition that you promise to keep a secret (1 E---) 5) Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?(如果假如) 6 He won't be against us in the meeting provided/provid ing that we ask for his advice in advance(假如除非以.….为条件) 7) You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence. (E---i-) 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as..so.,asi, as though引导。 1)as,(just)as.so.引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as.so结构中位于 句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…”,"就像",多用于正式文体,例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人 As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水 2) as if as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈 述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛..….似以的","好像 似的”,例如: 1. They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existe 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。) 2. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。) 3. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。) 说明:asif/ as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如: He stared at me as if seeing me for first time他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的 比较状语从句 1) You seem to know music as well as you know astronomy(天文学)(as-as结构) 2)There was no garden so lovely as his in this city. (no so-as itay)
条件状语从句: 1)Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.( 除非,若不;相当于 if---not) 即:If you are too tired,we’ll not go out for a walk. 2)You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.(只要,表示条件的唯一性 ) 3)Take your umbrella in case it rains.(以防---,以免---) 4)I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.(条件是---) 5)Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?( 如果,假如) 6)He won't be against us in the meeting provided/providing that we ask for his advice in advance.( 假如,除非以……为条件) 7)You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.(一旦---就--) 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由 as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though 引导。 1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于 句首,这时 as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。 2) as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈 述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像…… 似的",例如: 1. They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。) 2. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。) 3. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。) 说明:as if / as though 也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如: He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。 比较状语从句 1)You seem to know music as well as you know astronomy(天文学).(as---as 结构) 2)There was no garden so lovely as his in this city. (no so---as 结构)