We conform to the same basic steps of/inspection, palpation, percussions and auscultation used in this area as in other areas
We conform to the same basic steps of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation used in this area as in other areas
2 Topographic anatomy
2.Topographic anatomy
There have been several systems or methods devised for dividing the abdomen into topographic segments, but two kinds of commonly used systems or methods will be described here. Other methods may be found in any standard textbook of anatomy
There have been several systems or methods devised for dividing the abdomen into topographic segments, but two kinds of commonly used systems or methods will be described here. Other methods may be found in any standard textbook of anatomy
Before you understand these two methods, at first you should know the following anatomic landmarks(Figure 1)
Before you understand these two methods, at first you should know the following anatomic landmarks(Figure 1) :
iphoid (ensiform) process(创找突 起 yof sternum(胸骨) costal margin肋弓缘 umbilicus脐 anterosuperior iliac spine/anterior superior iliac spine髂前上棘 iliac crest髂骨嵴 inguinal ligament腹股沟韧带
— xiphoid (ensiform) process(剑状突 起) of sternum(胸骨) — costal margin肋弓缘 — umbilicus脐 — anterosuperior iliac spine/ anterior superior iliac spine髂前上棘 — iliac crest髂骨嵴 — inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带