93醛酮的反应 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 9.3 醛酮的反应 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
醛酮的反应概貌 O∠氧化 C-C-H 亲核加成还原 活泼a-H的反应
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University C H C O H 亲核加成 还原 氧化 活泼α− H的反应 醛酮的反应概貌
931羰基的亲核加成( Nucleophilic Addition To The Carbon-Oxygen Double bond) g The most characteristic reaction of aldehydes and ketones is nucleophilic addition to the carbon-oxygen double bond LC=O H-Nu C-OH N Nucleophilic addition to the carbon-oXygen double bond occurs in either of two general ways
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 9.3.1 羰基的亲核加成(Nucleophilic Addition To The Carbon-Oxygen Double Bond) The most characteristic reaction of aldehydes and ketones is nucleophilic addition to the carbon-oxygen double bond. C O + C OH Nu H Nu Nucleophilic addition to the carbon-oxygen double bond occurs in either of two general ways
反应机理 1)无催化剂或碱性条件下的加成机理 Addition of a Strong nucleophile to an Aldehyde or Ketone R,δ+8 R C=0=R R O、HMR R C-OH Ni Nua Nu ①D The important aspect of this step is the ability of the carbonyl oxygen atom to accommodate the electron pair of the carbon-oxygen double bond
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 反应机理 1) 无催化剂或碱性条件下的加成机理 C O R' R δ − δ + Nu C O R' R Nu H Nu C OH R' R Nu Addition of a Strong Nucleophile to an Aldehyde or Ketone The important aspect of this step is the ability of the carbonyl oxygen atom to accommodate the electron pair of the carbon-oxygen double bond
2)酸催化下的反应机理 Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition to an Aldehyde or Ketone + C O=C=OH← C--ouI: Nu-H Slow H C-OH =--C-OH ①D +NuH Nu
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 2) 酸催化下的反应机理 Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition to an Aldehyde or Ketone C O H + C OH C OH C OH Nu Nu H Sl o w H H + C OH Nu