Chapter 12 ALCohols From Carbonyl Compounds. Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds 由羰基化 氧化还原反应有命属化合物
由羰基化合物生成醇 氧化还原反应和有机金属化合物
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 12 12. 1 Introduction Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 12 12.1 Introduction
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 12 Carbonyl compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones carboxylic acids, and esters R R R R C=0 C=0 C=0 C=0 C=0 H R HO RO The carbonyl An aldehyde a ketone a carboxylic a carboxylate group ac ester Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 12 Carbonyl compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. C O C O H R C O R' R C O HO R C O R'O R The carbonyl group An aldehyde A ketone A carboxylic acid A carboxylate ester
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 12 12. 1A Structure of the Carbonyl Group 120°%,8.8 C三0 120 Carbonyl group +-0:H H2C、+ -O Resonance structures for H2C Formaldehyde the carbonyl group Acetone H=2.27D =28D Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 12 12.1A Structure of the Carbonyl Group C O δ+ δ− sp2 Carbonyl group 120 120 C O C O Resonance structures for the carbonyl group C O H H C O H3C H3C Formaldehyde Acetone µ = 2.27 D µ = 2.88 D
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 12 12.1b Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with nucleophiles o From a synthetic of view, one of the most important reactions of carbonyl compounds is one in which the compound undergoes nucleophilic addition l+C=0 Nu-c-o Nu o Two im portant nucleo i hiles o Hydride ions(h) from NaBHa or LialH4 o Carbanions(rch2)from RLi or RMgx Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 12 12.1B Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with Nucleophiles From a synthetic of view, one of the most important reactions of carbonyl compounds is one in which the compound undergoes nucleophilic addition. C O Nu δ δ + Nu C O Two important nucleophiles: Hydride ions (Hˉ) from NaBH4 or LiAlH4 Carbanions (RCH2 ˉ) from RLi or RMgX