菱爱 rter Vein Venue Figure 31-5. Relation of noradrenergic nerve fibers to blood vessels in the mesentery of the rat. Arrows indi cate direction of flow.(Reproduced, with permission from Furness JB, Marshall JM: Correlation of the directly observed responses of mesenteric vessels of the rat to nerve stimulation and noradrenaline with the distribution of adrenergic nerves. J Physio/ 1974: 75: 239
186 UNIT IV The Circulation Arteries Arterioles Sympathetic vasoconstriction Capillaries Venules Veins FIGURE 18-2 Sympathetic innervation of the systemic circulation
Innervation of blood vess 2) Sympathetic vasodilator fiber The sympathetic nerves to skeletal muscles carry sympathetic vasodilator fibers as well as constrictor fibers release acetylcholine at their endings and cause vasodilation Importance: increase the blood flow in skeletal muscle during exercise and stress
Innervation of blood vessels ➢ 2) Sympathetic vasodilator fiber ➢ The sympathetic nerves to skeletal muscles carry sympathetic vasodilator fibers as well as constrictor fibers. ➢ release acetylcholine at their endings and cause vasodilation. ➢ Importance: increase the blood flow in skeletal muscle during exercise and stress
Innervation of blood vessels 3)Parasympathetic nerve fiber/to peipheral vesseLs Parasympathetic nerve fibers innervate vessels of the blood vessels in Meninges(脑膜,髓膜) the salivary glands the liver the viscera in pelvis the external genitals Importance: Regulate the blood flow of these organs in some special situations
Innervation of blood vessels ➢ 3) Parasympathetic nerve fiber to peripheral vessels ➢ Parasympathetic nerve fibers innervate vessels of the blood vessels in ➢ Meninges (脑膜, 髓膜) ➢ the salivary glands ➢ the liver ➢ the viscera in pelvis ➢ the external genitals ➢ Importance: Regulate the blood flow of these organs in some special situations
2 Cardiovascular Center The control center of cardiovascular activities is the nucleus groups at different levels spinal cord brain stem hypothalamus limbic system cerebral cortex cerebellum
2 Cardiovascular Center ➢ The control center of cardiovascular activities is the nucleus groups at different levels ➢ spinal cord ➢ brain stem ➢ hypothalamus ➢ limbic system ➢ cerebral cortex ➢ cerebellum