Strecker Mechanism Step 1:The aldehyde reacts with ammonia to form the imine (mechanism in Section 18-16) NH R-C-H +:NH3 R-C一H+H,O aldehyde imine Step 2:Cyanide ion attacks the imine. NH2 CN R RCH imine CN CN a-amino nitrile Copyright 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Hydrolysis of the nitrile yields the amino acid
Strecker Mechanism Hydrolysis of the nitrile yields the amino acid
Properties of Amino Acids High melting points,over 200C More soluble in water than in ether. Larger dipole moments than simple acids or simple amines. Less acidic than most carboxylic acids,less basic than most amines. H R-C-COOH NH2 但实际上极少以此形式存在
Properties of Amino Acids ◼High melting points, over 200C ◼More soluble in water than in ether. ◼Larger dipole moments than simple acids or simple amines. ◼Less acidic than most carboxylic acids, less basic than most amines. C H NH2 R COOH 但实际上极少以此形式存在
Properties of Amino Acids 氨基酸的两性电离和等电点 ■氨基酸分子中含有NH2和COOH,为简化起见 可表示为: ■Zwitterion pK=10 HN-CH-o PK,=12 R 实际水溶液呈弱酸性: 电离能力 一COOH>一NH2
Properties of Amino Acids ◼氨基酸的两性电离和等电点 ◼氨基酸分子中含有NH2 和COOH, 为简化起见 可表示为: ◼Zwitterion H3 N CH R C O O + _ pKa = 10 pKb = 12 实际水溶液呈弱酸性: 电离能力 COOH > NH2
它们发生分子内酸碱反应: H H C CoO R COOH NH2 *NH3 两性离子 实际上,该平衡主要决定于羧基和氨基 H 如果羧基给出质子的能力和氨基接受质 子的能力相匹配,则完全转成内盐的形式R Q —COO+H+ 一般情况下,羧基给出质子能力强于氨 基接受质子的能力 NH2
它们发生分子内酸碱反应: C H NH2 R COOH C H NH3 R COO •实际上,该平衡主要决定于羧基和氨基 •如果羧基给出质子的能力和氨基接受质 子的能力相匹配,则完全转成内盐的形式。 •一般情况下,羧基给出质子能力强于氨 基接受质子的能力 两性离子 C H NH2 R COO +H+
Zwitterion Amino acid exists as a dipolar ion. -COOH loses H+,-NH2 gains H+. N--o阳-H。 R R uncharged structure dipolar ion,or zwitterion (minor component) (major component) 。 Actual structure depends on pH
Zwitterion ◼Amino acid exists as a dipolar ion. ◼-COOH loses H+ , -NH2 gains H+ . • Actual structure depends on pH