STEATake bloodSTEASTEASTEPsample.523STEA4StimulateRemoveSeparatecells towhitecells fromdivide.cells.STEAserum byCulture in vitro.6Disablecentrifugation.mitoticSTEASTEASTEAspindle.987Examinechromosomes.XISquash cellsAdd hypotonicon slide, fix,solution toswell cells.and stain
Fig 7.1 Preparation of cells for cytological analysis © 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
ATCPGATCCCCATGTGATCGTAG蒋有兴(JoeHin Tjio.1919-2001)
Nm12701Joe Hin Tjio, 82; Research Biologist Counted ChromosomeByWOLFGANGSAXONwas a photographer, and the sonat the laboratory of expeDr. Joe Hin Tjio, the research biol-becamean accomplished one,too,aspathology of what was therogist who produced the first correctan apprentice in theparental studio.tional Institute of Arthritis count of the chromosomes in humanHe went to strict Dutch colonialbolic Diseases. His work oncells, died Nov. 27 In Gaithersburg.schools, where he learned French,somes focused on leukemiaMd. He was 82.1955German and English as well astal retardation.Dr. Tjlo (pronounced CHEE-oh)Dutch. He graduated from the SchoolNamed a scientist emaccomplished that feat In o5eas aof Agronomy in Bogor,Indonesta, In1992, he kept his laboratovisiting scientist at the University of1940, and engaged in breeding pota-until 1997, when he moved toLund, Sweden. His surprise discov-toes, trying to find a disease-proofment community in Gaitheery helped pave the way to muchhybrid.Dr.Tjlolssurvived byhiwork in human biology pertaining toIn World War II, when the Japa-53 years,Inga,and a son, Yuchromosomal abnormalities.nese Army occupied what was thenof Silver Spring, Md.He later joined the staff of thethe Dutch East Indles, he spent threeNational Institutes of Health, andyears in an internment camp. OncePresident John F.Kennedy honoredreleased, a Red Cross boat for dis-him with an outstanding achieve-placed persons took him to the Neth-mentawardin1962.erlands, and he spent several yearsThe nature and functions of chro-studying and working there, in Den-mosomes,the agents of heredity,hadmark and Spain.been known when Dr.Tjio correctlyBut each summer he was at thecounted the number of chromo-Institute of Genetics in Lund, wheresomes.But observing human chro-he studied mammalian tissues. HeRIichMcManus/NIHRecordmosomesunderthemicroscopehadacquired wide expertise in cytoge-Dr. Joe Hin Tjio in 1997.always been more difficult than ob.netics investigating the behavior ofserving those of other species, andchromosomes and genes in cells asber was just an incidentai finding,"scientists had long assumed thatthey affect heredity and variation.chromosomes normally numberedhe recalled many years later.Aftergaining international recog48ineachbodycellHe continued his study of chromo-nition, he came to the United StatesDr. Tjio used an advanced tech-somes,looking for clues to some ofand received a Ph.D. in biophysicsnique to separate chromosomes ofthe most baffling and tragic humanand cytogenetics at the University ofembryonic lung tissueon glass slidesdiseases.Colorado in 1960and,to his own amazement, sawthatJoeHinTjiowasbornin1919toHe became associated with the Na-the actual figure was 46."The num-Chinese parents in Java. His fathertional Institutes in 1959 and worked
ATCTGATOCCATGTGATCGTAG徐道觉(Tao Chiuh Hsu.1917-2003
2、染色体的形态80
2、染色体的形态