rant'sTAtlas of AnatomyTHIRTEENTH EDITIONAnneM.R.AgurArthurFDalleyWoltersKluwerLippincottWillians&Wilkins
TanteAtlas of AnatomyTHIRTEENTH EDITIONThorax97Abdomen197Pelvis and Perineum289Back357Lower Limb481Upper LimbHead611Neck751817Cranial NervesReferences851Index853
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TantgAtlas of AnatomyTHIRTEENTH EDITIONAnneM.R.Agur,B.Sc.(OT),M.Sc..Ph.DProfessorDivisionofAnatomy,DepartmentofSurgery,FacultyofMedicineDepartment of Physical Therapy, Department of Occupational TherapyDivision of Biomedical Communications,Instituteof Medical ScienceGraduateDepartmentof RehabilitationScience,GraduateDepartmentof DentistryUniversityofTorontoToronto,Ontario,CanadaArthurF.Dalley Il,Ph.D.Professor,Department of Cell&Developmental BiologyAdjunctProfessor,DepartmentofOrthopaedicsandRehabilitationVanderbilt University School of MedicineAdjunct Professor of AnatomyBelmont University School of Physical TherapyNashville.TennesseeWoltersKluwerLippincottWilliams&WilkinsHealthPhiladelphia·Baltimore·NewYork·LondonBuenos Aires · Hong Kong · Sydney · Tokyo
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AcquisitionsEditor:CrystalTaylorProductManagerJulieMontalbandMarketingManager:Joy FisherWilliamsDesigner.HollyMcLaughlinCompositor:SPi GlobalThirteenth EditionCopyright 2013, 2009,2005,1999, 1991,1983, 1978, 1972, 1962, 1956, 1951,1947,1943 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,a Wolters Kluwer business.By J.C.B. Grant:First Edition, 1943Second Edition, 1947Third Edition, 1951Fourth Edition, 1956Fifth Edition, 1962Sixth Edition, 1972By J.E. Anderson:Seventh Edition, 1978 Eighth Edition, 1983By A.M.R. Agur:Ninth Edition, 1991Tenth Edition, 1999EleventhEdition,2005By A.M.R. Agur and A.F Dalley:Twelfth Edition, 2009351 West Camden StreetTwo Commerce SquareBaltimore, MD 212012001 Market StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103Printed in ChinaAllrights reserved.Thisbook isprotectedby copyright Nopartof thisbook maybereproducedortransmitted inany formorbyanmymeans,including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies,or utilized by any information storage and retrieval systemwithout wrtten permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materialsappearing inthisbook preparedbyindividuals aspartof theirofficial duties as U.S.govermmentemployeesarenotcoveredbytheabovementioned copyright. To request permission,please contact Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins at 2001 Market Street, PhiladelphiaPA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at ww.com (products and services)LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAgur, A. M. R.Grant's atlas of anatomy / Anne Agur. — 13th ed.p. ; cm.Atlas of anatomyIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-60831-756-11. Grant, J. C. Boileau (John Charles Boileau), 1886-1973. II Title. II. Title: Atlas of anatomy.[DNLM: 1. Anatomy, Regional-—Atlases. QS 17]611.0022’2dc232011040823DISCLAIMERCarehas beentakento confirmtheaccuracyof theinformationpresentandto describegenerally acceptedpractices.However,theauthors, editors,and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions orfor any consequences from application ofthe informationinthisbookandmakenowarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothecurrency,completeness,oraccuracyofthecontentsofthepublication.Applicationofthisinformationinaparticularsituationremainstheprofessionalresponsibilityofthepractitioner;theclinicaltreatmentsdescribedandrecommendedmaynotbeconsideredabsoluteanduniversalrecommendations.The authors, editors,and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are inaccordancewith the current recommendationsandpracticeatthe time ofpublication.However,in view of ongoing research,changes ingovernment regulations,and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to checkthe package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularlyimportantwhentherecommendedagent isaneworinfrequentlyemployeddrugSomedrugs and medical devices presented in thispublication haveFoodand DrugAdministration (FDA)clearanceforlimiteduse inrestricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device plannedfor use intheir clinical practiceTo purchase additional copies of this book, callour customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320Intermational customers should call (301)223-2300.Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Intemet: http://www.lw.com.Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins customer service representativesareavailablefrom8:30amto6:00pm, EST.987654321
Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Manager: Julie Montalbano Marketing Manager: Joy Fisher Williams Designer: Holly McLaughlin Compositor: SPi Global Thirteenth Edition Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 1999, 1991, 1983, 1978, 1972, 1962, 1956, 1951, 1947, 1943 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. By J.C.B. Grant: First Edition, 1943 Second Edition, 1947 Third Edition, 1951 Fourth Edition, 1956 Fifth Edition, 1962 Sixth Edition, 1972 By J.E. Anderson: Seventh Edition, 1978 Eighth Edition, 1983 By A.M.R. Agur: Ninth Edition, 1991 Tenth Edition, 1999 Eleventh Edition, 2005 By A.M.R. Agur and A.F. Dalley: Twelfth Edition, 2009 351 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square Baltimore, MD 21201 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their off cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Agur, A. M. R. Grant’s atlas of anatomy / Anne Agur. — 13th ed. p. ; cm. Atlas of anatomy Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60831-756-1 I. Grant, J. C. Boileau (John Charles Boileau), 1886-1973. II. Title. III. Title: Atlas of anatomy. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy, Regional—Atlases. QS 17] 611.0022’2—dc23 2011040823 DISCLAIMER Care has been taken to conf rm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant f ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Agur_FM.indd iv 11/15/2011 10:29:12 AM
DR.JOHNCHARLESBOILEAUGRANT·1886-1973byDr.CarltonG.Smith,M.D.,Ph.D.(1905-2003)ProfessorEmeritus,Division of Anatomy.DepartmentofSurgeryFaculty of Medicine, Universityof Toronto,Toronto,Ontario, CanadaWith the frontline medical practitioner in mind, he endeavored to “bring up ageneration ofsurgeonswhoknewexactlywhattheyweredoing onceanoperation had begun."1 Devoted to research and learning, Dr. Grant took interestinotherprojects,suchasperforminganthropometricstudiesofIndiantribesin northern Manitoba during the 1920s.In Winnipeg,Dr.Grant met CatrionaChristie,whom hemarried in1922Dr. J.C. Boileau Grant in his officeDr. Grant was known for his reliance on logic,analysis, and deduction asMcMurrich Building, University ofopposed to rote memory. While at the University of Manitoba, Dr. Grant beganToronto,1946.Through his textbooks,Dr. Grant made an indeliblewritingAMethodofAnatomy,DescriptiveandDeductive,whichwaspublishedimpression on the teaching of anato-in 1937.2my throughout the world. (Courtesy ofIn 1930, Dr. Grant accepted the position of Chair of Anatomy at theDr.C.G.Smith.)University of Toronto. He stressed the value of a "clean" dissection, with thestructures well defined. This required the delicate touch of a sharp scalpel, andstudentssoonlearnedthatadulltoolwasanathema.Instructivedissectionswere made available in the Anatomy Museum,a means of student review onThelifeofDr.J.C.BoileauGranthasbeenlikenedtothecourseoftheseventhwhich Dr Grant placed a high priority. Illustrations of these actual dissectionscranial nerve as it passes out of the skull: complicated, but purposeful.1 He wasare included in Grant's Atlas ofAnatomy.oornintheparishofLasswadeinEdinburgh,Scotland,onFebruary6,1886.DrGrant studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1903 to 1908. Here,The first edition of the Atlas, published in 1943, was the first anatomicalhis skill as a dissector in the laboratory of the renowned anatomist, Dr. Danielatlastobepublished inNorthAmerica.3Grant'sDissectorprecededtheAtiasin 1940.4John Cunningham (1850-1909),earned him a numberof awards.Dr. Grant remained at the University of Toronto until his retirement in 1956.Following graduation, Dr, Grant was appointed the resident house officerat the Infirmary in Whitehaven, Cumberland.From 1909 to 1911,Dr.GrantAtthattime,hebecameCuratoroftheAnatomyMuseumintheUniversity.Hedemonstrated anatomy in the University of Edinburgh, followed by two years atalso served as Visiting Professor of Anatomy at the University of California atLos Angeles,wherehetaughtfor10 years.theUniversityofDurham,atNewcastle-on-TyneinEngland,inthelaboratoryofDr. Grant died in 1973 of cancer. Through his teaching method, still pre-Professor Robert Howden,editor of Gray's Anatomy.sented in the Grant's textbooks, Dr. Grant's life interesthuman anatomy-With the outbreak of World WarI in 1914, Dr.Grant joined the Royal ArmyMedical Corps and served with distinction. He was mentioned in dispatcheslives on.In their eulogy, colleagues and friends Ross MacKenzie andinSeptember1916.receivedtheMilitaryCross inSeptember1917for"con-J.S.Thompson said,"Dr.Grant's knowledge of anatomical factwas encyclo-spicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during attack,"and received a bar topedic,and he enjoyed nothing better than sharing his knowledge with others,whether they were junior students or senior staff.While somewhat strict as athe MilitaryCross in August1918.1In October1919,released from the Royal Army,he accepted the positionteacher,his quiet wit and boundless humanity neverfailed to impress. He was,in the veryfinest sense,a scholar and a gentleman.of Professor of Anatomy at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg,Canada.vi
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