1.DrugUtilizationResearch:BackgroundGlobal antibiotic consumption by countryincome classification2000-2015B2000口口2015(suoig)喜25aaueiiuHigh-incomesaso20aaua1500012Upper-middle-income10nLow-&lower-middle-income5ASOkjeaeipusezr0High-incomeUpper-middleLow-&lower-2005201020152000middle-income-incomeSource:Klein EY, Van BoeckelTP,Martinez EM,PantS, Gandra S,Levin SA,et al.Global increase andgeographicconvergence inantibioticconsumptionbetween2000and2015.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA.201810;115(15):E3463-70.西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 Source: Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM, Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018 10;115(15):E3463–70. Global antibiotic consumption by country income classification: 2000–2015 1. Drug Utilization Research: Background
1.DrugUtilizationResearch:BackgroundAntibioticconsumptionrateforHICs,LMICs-UM,and LMICs-LMofthefourmost-consumedtherapeuticclassesofantibioticsinDDDsper1,oooinhabitantsperdayDaBBroad-spectrum penicillinsCephalosporinsMacrolidesQuinolonesHIC63$10含AHICHICjadadad喜HICLMIC-UM000o00ad000000'1LMIC-LMLMIC-UM0adsaa90LMIC-UIaaasaadsaaaLMIC-LMLMIC-UMLMIC-LMLMIC-LM2005200520002010201520002010201520002005201520052010200020102015Source: Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM,Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence inantibioticconsumptionbetween2000and2015.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA.201810;115(15):E3463-70.西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 Source: Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM, Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018 10;115(15):E3463–70. Antibiotic consumption rate for HICs, LMICs-UM, and LMICs-LM of the four most-consumed therapeutic classes of antibiotics in DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day 1. Drug Utilization Research: Background
1.DrugUtilizationResearch:BackgroundAntibioticconsumptionrateforHICs,LMICs-UM,andLMICs-LMofnewandlast-resortantibioticsinDDDsper1,oooinhabitantsperdayDAB0.0140.07Oxazolidinones0.14GlycyicyclinesCarbapenems0.020PolymyxinsIndaHIC#0.012-合0060.12有USAa0JOC8.0.0150.010-0.05USA0.1020.0080:00.08H0.010000'100080.006-0.030.06000LMIC-UM1Jod火表0.004HIC0.020.04saapeas1.00OLMIC-UMLMIC-UM0.01LMIC-LM0.02LMIC-LMLMIC-LMLMIC-LMLMIC-UM0.0000.000.000.0002000200520102015200020052010201520052000200520102015200020102015Source:Klein EY,Van BoeckelTP,MartinezEM,PantS,Gandra S, Levin SA,et al.Global increaseandgeographic convergenceinantibioticconsumptionbetween2000and2015.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA.201810;115(15):E3463-70.西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 Source: Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM, Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018 10;115(15):E3463–70. Antibiotic consumption rate for HICs, LMICs-UM, and LMICs-LM of new and last-resort antibiotics in DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day 1. Drug Utilization Research: Background
1.Drug Utilization Research:BackgroundTHEOPIOIDEPIDEMICOpioidoverdoseskilledmorethan33,000peopleintheU.S.in2015.Herewetakea lookatthedrugs behind the opioidepidemic and available treatments for opioid overdoseand addiction.HEROIN&OPIOIDSFENTANYL&ANALOGSOVERDOSE&TREATMENTH,C.HO.CHFENTANYENALOXONESHEROINH.C50-100TIMESASPOTENTASHEROINLikeotheropioids.herointuns on opioidreceptoratorelievenainandproduceaNalcxonerevtrsestheeffectsofopiolcFentarytisasyntheticopioid thatteeling ofeuphoriaOpioldsarehighlydoctors prescrbetotreatchronicoverdoses.ithasastrongeraffinityfotaddictiveandathiuhdosescandepressopioidreceptorsthanopiosdsdoandpaln.Thefentanylinstreetheroinbreathing.leadingto deathisilicitlymanutactured.Fentany!turnsoffthereceptorTheantidoteworkswithintwominuteswheninjectudnalogs(selectionshownbetowarealsoincreasinglycommon.TheirhigherOFDRUGOVERDOSE63.1%potencyincreasestherlakofoverdoseDEATHSIN2015INVOLVEDANOPIOIDDRUGTICARFENTANI5,000-70,000aspotentStreethwroinisnowbeingmixedwittosheroinotheroploidmekingitmorepotentanddangeroun,UsersoftendonotknowOPIOIDRECEPTORSINTHEBRAIRwhattheherointheyareusingcontainsincreasingtheriskofoverdoreACRYLFENTANYLMethadoneeaseswithdrawal symptoms50-100xforpeoplewithoploidaddictionoettingospotentoborltseffectsaresimilartoheroin-asheroinbutarefessintenseandlongerlastingaFENTANYLTOANALOGS?TUEANYLFENTANYE10-20xCMETHADONIDESIGNER OPIOIDSTRasporentasheroinCi@C&EN2017CreatedbyAndyBrunningforChemical&EngineeringNews西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 19 1. Drug Utilization Research: Background
1.Drug Utilization Research:BackgroundMortalityratesfromunintentionaldrugoverdosesintheUnited StatesBIndividual drugsAlldrugs18HeroinOverallPrescOpioidsExponentialFit16MethadoneSynthOpioidsOTM14CocaineUnspecNarcMethamphetamineMortalityrateinyearyoUnspecDrugooeeo100.08±0,032%(g1978)eeero1OR=0.99LO00A8001CYearYear西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 Mortality rates from unintentional drug overdoses in the United States 1. Drug Utilization Research: Background