Functions of the Kidney Waste excretion Electrolyte balance Fluid balance Osmolality Hormone production
Functions of the Kidney • Waste excretion • Electrolyte balance • Fluid balance • pH • Osmolality • Hormone production
Anatomy of Kidney Nephron
Anatomy of Kidney
NEPHRON STRUCTURE Proximal Glomerulus, Glomerular, Efferent,Afferent involuted capsule arteriole/ arteriole tubule BC Distal TCT convoluted tubule UCI Interlobular vein To renal ein Fror Interlobular ter artery Peritubular sending Nephron loop LOOP OH Collecting Ascending duct HENLE
Manifestation of renal dysfunction o Glomerulus decreased GER glomerular filtration membrane permeability alteration o Renal tubule concentrative function decline(hyposthennuria/isosthenuria water, electrolyte acid-base disorder others o Endocrine disorder hypertension. anemia. renal osteodystrophy others
Manifestation of renal dysfunction Glomerulus · decreased GFR · glomerular filtration membrane permeability alteration Renal tubule · concentrative function decline (hyposthennuria/isosthennuria) · water, electrolyte, acid-base disorder · others Endocrine disorder · hypertension · anemia · renal osteodystrophy · others
体内VtD2的代谢过程 紫外线25-羟化醇 1a-羟化醇 7-影氢胆固醇VtD325(OH)VitD31.25-(oH)2ViD3 (皮肤)(肝微粒体)(肾线粒体)
体内VitD3的代谢过程 紫外线 25-羟化酶 1α-羟化酶 7-脱氢胆固醇 VitD3 25-(OH)VitD3 1,25-(OH) 2VitD3 （皮肤） （肝微粒体） （肾线粒体）