● ● Software Process Process layer of software engineering The foundation for Software engineering is the process layer. Software engineering process is the glue that holds the technology layers together and enables rational and timely development of computer software. 软件工程过程是将技术层结合在一起的凝聚力，使得软件能够被 合理地和及时地开发出来
Software Process Process layer of software engineering • The foundation for Software engineering is the process layer. • Software engineering process is the glue that holds the technology layers together and enables rational and timely development of computer software. 软件工程过程是将技术层结合在一起的凝聚力，使得软件能够被 合理地和及时地开发出来
● ● Software Process Process layer of software engineering Process defines a framework for a set of key process areas (KP4s)that must be established for effective delivery of software engineering technology.过程定义了一组关键过程区 域的框架，这对于软件工程技术的有效应用是必须的。 The key process areas form the basis for management control of software projects and establish the context in which technical methods are applied,work products(models,documents,data,reports,forms, etc.)are produced,milestones are established,quality is ensured,and change is properly managed.关键过程区域构成了软件项目管理控 制的基础，并且确定了上下各区域之间的关系，规定了技术方法 的采用、工程产品（模型、文档、数据、报告、表格等）的产生 里程碑的建立、质量的保证及变化的适当管理
Software Process Process layer of software engineering • Process defines a framework for a set of key process areas (KPAs) that must be established for effective delivery of software engineering technology. 过程定义了一组关键过程区 域的框架，这对于软件工程技术的有效应用是必须的。 • The key process areas form the basis for management control of software projects and establish the context in which technical methods are applied, work products (models, documents, data, reports, forms, etc.) are produced, milestones are established, quality is ensured, and change is properly managed. 关键过程区域构成了软件项目管理控 制的基础，并且确定了上下各区域之间的关系，规定了技术方法 的采用、工程产品（模型、文档、数据、报告、表格等）的产生、 里程碑的建立、质量的保证及变化的适当管理
● ● Software Process Methods layer of software engineering 。 Software engineering methods provide the technical how-to's for building software.软件工程方法提供了为开发软件在技术上 需要“如何做”。 Methods encompass a broad array of tasks that include requirements analysis,design,program construction,testing, and maintenance.方法涵盖了一系列的任务：需求分析、设计、 编程、测试和维护。 Software engineering methods rely on a set of basic principles that govern each area of the technology and include modeling activities and other descriptive techniques.软件工程方法依赖于 一 组原则，这些原则控制了每一个技术区域，且包含建模活动和 其他描述技术
Software Process Methods layer of software engineering • Software engineering methods provide the technical how-to’s for building software. 软件工程方法提供了为开发软件在技术上 需要“如何做”。 • Methods encompass a broad array of tasks that include requirements analysis, design, program construction, testing, and maintenance. 方法涵盖了一系列的任务：需求分析、设计、 编程、测试和维护。 • Software engineering methods rely on a set of basic principles that govern each area of the technology and include modeling activities and other descriptive techniques. 软件工程方法依赖于 一组原则，这些原则控制了每一个技术区域，且包含建模活动和 其他描述技术
● Software Process Tool later of software engineering Software engineering tools provide automated or semi- automated support for the process and methods.软件工程工 具对过程和方法提供了自动的或半自动的支持。 。 When tools are integrated so that information created by one tool can be used by another,a system for the support of software development,called computer-aided software engineering(CASE),is established.当这些工具被集成起来使 得一个工具产生的信息可以被另外一个工具使用时，一个支持软 件开发的系统就建立了，称为计算机辅助软件工程(CASE)
Software Process Tool later of software engineering • Software engineering tools provide automated or semiautomated support for the process and methods. 软件工程工 具对过程和方法提供了自动的或半自动的支持。 • When tools are integrated so that information created by one tool can be used by another, a system for the support of software development, called computer-aided software engineering (CASE), is established.当这些工具被集成起来使 得一个工具产生的信息可以被另外一个工具使用时，一个支持软 件开发的系统就建立了，称为计算机辅助软件工程（CASE）
● ● Software Process Tool later of software engineering CASE combines software,hardware,and software engineering database (a repository containing important information about analysis,design,program construction, and testing)to create a software engineering environment. CASE集成了软件、硬件和一个软件工程数据库（包含了关于分 析、设计、编程和测试的重要信息)，从而形成了一个软件工程 环境。 ● ● ● ●
Software Process Tool later of software engineering • CASE combines software, hardware, and software engineering database (a repository containing important information about analysis, design, program construction, and testing) to create a software engineering environment. CASE集成了软件、硬件和一个软件工程数据库（包含了关于分 析、设计、编程和测试的重要信息），从而形成了一个软件工程 环境