About the Web site The Web site to accompany Physical Chemistry is available at www.whfreeman.com/pchem8 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY mON It includes the following features Living graphs ALiving graph is indicated in the text by the iconattached to a graph.This feature can be used to explore how a property changes as a variety of parameters are changed.To encourage the use of this resource(and the more extensive Explorations in Physica Chemistry)we have added a question to each figure where a Living graph is called out. 女粥
About the Web site The Web site to accompany Physical Chemistry is available at: www.whfreeman.com/pchem8 z x y dz2 dx y 2 2 dxy dyz dz 10.16 The boundary surfaces of d orbitals. Two nodal planes in each orbital intersect at the nucleus and separate the lobes of each orbital. The dark and light areas denote regions of opposite sign of the wavefunction. Exploration To gain insight into the shapes of the f orbitals, use mathematical software to plot the boundary surfaces of the spherical harmonics Y3,ml (θ,ϕ). It includes the following features: Living graphs A Living graph is indicated in the text by the icon attached to a graph. This feature can be used to explore how a property changes as a variety of parameters are changed. To encourage the use of this resource (and the more extensive Explorations in Physical Chemistry) we have added a question to each figure where a Living graph is called out.
ABOUT THE WEB SITE XV Artwork integrating all student media resources and adds features uni An instructor wish to use the illustrations fron n this tex que to the eBook.The eBook also offers instructors unparallele yailable and can ibility and custom zation options not previc be used for lectures without charge (but not for commercial any printed ess to Purposes without specific permission).This edition is in full 67g olour:we have aimed to use colour systematically and help- d I 0 copics can be purchased on-line at www.whfrceman.com. fully,not just to make the page prettier. Key features of the eBook include: Tables of data Easy access from any Internet-connected computer via a All the tables of data that appear in the chapter text are avail- standard Web browser. able and may be used under the same conditions as the figures Quick,intuitive navigation to any section or subsection as well as any printed book page number. Web links .Integration of all Living Graph animations. There is a huge network of information available about phys ical chemistry,and it can be bewildering to find your way to it. .Text highlighting,down to the level of individual phrases. Also,a piece of information may be needed that we have not .A book marking feature that allows for quick reference to any page. A powerful Notes feature that allows students or instruc tors to add notes to any page. Tools A full index. Interactive calculators,plotters and a periodic table for the Full-text se including an option to also search the study of chemistry. glossary and index .Automatic saving ofall notes,highlighting,and bookmarks. Group theory tables Additional features for lecturers: Comprehensive group theory tables are available for down- ·Cust loading. d w Lecture with th students wi Explorations in Physical Chemistry . e selected chap Now from W.H.Freem nan co edition of the se to create an anno com/explorations.using the activation rer's version. n their course log in,they will code card included with Physical chemistry se.The new edition consists of interactive Mathcad worksheets and,for content:Lecture notes an includ de text,web the first time,interactive Excel w vorkbooks. tudents to si physica chemical, content they cho an actly where they wan it athsoft Excel by Mic Physical Chemistry is now available in two ulat over 75 graphics.alter simulation parameters.and solve volumes! tions to gain deeper insight into physical chemistry.Complete For maximum flexibility in your physical chemistry course with thought-stimulating exercises,Explorations in Physical Chemistry is a perfect addition to any physical chemistry histertisnowofierodashrdi al,full text or in two vo The chap fol Chemistry,8e that appear i course,using any physical chemistry text book The Physical Chemistry,Eighth Edition eBook Volume 1:Thermodynamics and Kinetics A complete online version of the textbook.The eBook offers (0-7167-8567-6) students substa a rich learning advantage of the electronic medium The first law
ABOUT THE WEB SITE xv Artwork An instructor may wish to use the illustrations from this text in a lecture. Almost all the illustrations are available and can be used for lectures without charge (but not for commercial purposes without specific permission). This edition is in full colour: we have aimed to use colour systematically and helpfully, not just to make the page prettier. Tables of data All the tables of data that appear in the chapter text are available and may be used under the same conditions as the figures. Web links There is a huge network of information available about physical chemistry, and it can be bewildering to find your way to it. Also, a piece of information may be needed that we have not included in the text. The web site might suggest where to find the specific data or indicate where additional data can be found. Tools Interactive calculators, plotters and a periodic table for the study of chemistry. Group theory tables Comprehensive group theory tables are available for downloading. Explorations in Physical Chemistry Now from W.H. Freeman & Company, the new edition of the popular Explorations in Physical Chemistry is available on-line at www.whfreeman.com/explorations, using the activation code card included with Physical Chemistry 8e. The new edition consists of interactive Mathcad® worksheets and, for the first time, interactive Excel® workbooks. They motivate students to simulate physical, chemical, and biochemical phenomena with their personal computers. Harnessing the computational power of Mathcad® by Mathsoft, Inc. and Excel® by Microsoft Corporation, students can manipulate over 75 graphics, alter simulation parameters, and solve equations to gain deeper insight into physical chemistry. Complete with thought-stimulating exercises, Explorations in Physical Chemistry is a perfect addition to any physical chemistry course, using any physical chemistry text book. The Physical Chemistry, Eighth Edition eBook A complete online version of the textbook. The eBook offers students substantial savings and provides a rich learning experience by taking full advantage of the electronic medium integrating all student media resources and adds features unique to the eBook. The eBook also offers instructors unparalleled flexibility and customization options not previously possible with any printed textbook. Access to the eBook is included with purchase of the special package of the text (0-7167-8586- 2), through use of an activation code card. Individual eBook copies can be purchased on-line at www.whfreeman.com. Key features of the eBook include: • Easy access from any Internet-connected computer via a standard Web browser. • Quick, intuitive navigation to any section or subsection, as well as any printed book page number. • Integration of all Living Graph animations. • Text highlighting, down to the level of individual phrases. • A book marking feature that allows for quick reference to any page. • A powerful Notes feature that allows students or instructors to add notes to any page. • A full index. • Full-text search, including an option to also search the glossary and index. • Automatic saving of all notes, highlighting, and bookmarks. Additional features for lecturers: • Custom chapter selection: Lecturers can choose the chapters that correspond with their syllabus, and students will get a custom version of the eBook with the selected chapters only. • Instructor notes: Lecturers can choose to create an annotated version of the eBook with their notes on any page. When students in their course log in, they will see the lecturer’s version. • Custom content: Lecturer notes can include text, web links, and even images, allowing lecturers to place any content they choose exactly where they want it. Physical Chemistry is now available in two volumes! For maximum flexibility in your physical chemistry course, this text is now offered as a traditional, full text or in two volumes. The chapters from Physical Chemistry, 8e that appear in each volume are as follows: Volume 1: Thermodynamics and Kinetics (0-7167-8567-6) 1. The properties of gases 2. The first law
ABOUT THE WEB SITE 3.The second law 10.Atomic structure and atomic spectra 4.Physical transformations of pure substances 11.Molecularstructure 5.Simple mixtures 12.Molecular symmetry 6.Phase diagrams 13.Spectroscopy 1:rotational and vibrational spectra Chemical equilibrium 14.Spectroscopy 2:electronic transitions 21.Molecules in n 17.Statistical th the ma cepts chinery 23.The kinetics ofc 24.Molecular reaction dynamiss tions Data section Answers to exercises Datasection Answers to problems Answers to exercise Index toproble Solutions manuals A。 Charles T Volume 2:Quantum Chemistry,Spectroscopy, and Marshall Cady have p ascompany this book.A Student's Solutions Manual (0-7167- and Statistical Thermodynamics (0-7167-8569-2 6206-4)provides full solutions to the 'a'exercises and the odd-numbered problems.An Instructor's Solutions Manual 8.Quantum theory:introduction and principles (0-7167-2566 9.Quantum theory:techniques and applications
xvi ABOUT THE WEB SITE 3. The second law 4. Physical transformations of pure substances 5. Simple mixtures 6. Phase diagrams 7. Chemical equilibrium 21. Molecules in motion 22. The rates of chemical reactions 23. The kinetics of complex reactions 24. Molecular reaction dynamics Data section Answers to exercises Answers to problems Index Volume 2: Quantum Chemistry, Spectroscopy, and Statistical Thermodynamics (0-7167-8569-2) 8. Quantum theory: introduction and principles 9. Quantum theory: techniques and applications 10. Atomic structure and atomic spectra 11. Molecular structure 12. Molecular symmetry 13. Spectroscopy 1: rotational and vibrational spectra 14. Spectroscopy 2: electronic transitions 15. Spectroscopy 3: magnetic resonance 16. Statistical thermodynamics: the concepts 17. Statistical thermodynamics: the machinery Data section Answers to exercises Answers to problems Index Solutions manuals As with previous editions Charles Trapp, Carmen Giunta, and Marshall Cady have produced the solutions manuals to accompany this book. A Student’s Solutions Manual (0-7167- 6206-4) provides full solutions to the ‘a’ exercises and the odd-numbered problems. An Instructor’s Solutions Manual (0-7167-2566-5) provides full solutions to the ‘b’ exercises and the even-numbered problems
About the authors lulio de paula is professor of chemistry and dean of the college of arts sciences a Lewis Clark College.A native of Brazil,Professor de Paula received a B.A.degree in chemistry from Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey,and a Ph.D.in biophys- ical chemistry from Yale University.His research activities encompass the areas of molecular spectroscopy,biophysical chemistry,and nanoscience.He has taught Peter Atkins is Professor of Chemistry at Oxford University,a fellow of Lincoln College,and the author of more than fifty books for students and a general audience. His texts are market leaders around the globe.A frequent lecturer in the United States and throughout the world,he e has held visiting prefessorships in France,Israel,Japan, China,and ew Zealar He was the Chemistry
Julio de Paula is Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences at Lewis & Clark College. A native of Brazil, Professor de Paula received a B.A. degree in chemistry from Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and a Ph.D. in biophysical chemistry from Yale University. His research activities encompass the areas of molecular spectroscopy, biophysical chemistry, and nanoscience. He has taught courses in general chemistry, physical chemistry, biophysical chemistry, instrumental analysis, and writing. About the authors Peter Atkins is Professor of Chemistry at Oxford University, a fellow of Lincoln College, and the author of more than fifty books for students and a general audience. His texts are market leaders around the globe. A frequent lecturer in the United States and throughout the world, he has held visiting prefessorships in France, Israel, Japan, China, and New Zealand. He was the founding chairman of the Committee on Chemistry Education of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and a member of IUPAC’s Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division
Acknowledaements ourthanks to the hundreds of people who contributed to the first Sanjay Kumar,Indian Iitue seven editions.Our warm thanks go Charles Trapp,Carmen Giunta. Jeffry D.Madura,Duquesne University and Marsha Mitchell D Mer nAdventist University David A.Micha,University of Florida emerged.We therefore wish to thank the following colleagues most warmly Joe Addison,Governors State University Gareth Morris,University of Manchester nesota Morris don College Daniel E.Autrey,Fayetteville State University Jeffrey Bartz,Kalamazoo College 2 rsty of adoon Nils -Ola Pe EM.Blokhuis,Leiden University Richard Pethrick,University of imBowers,University of Exete John A.Poiman,The University of Southern Mississippi opal,Madurai Kamaraj University Dave Cook,University of Sheffield R.Rar a N-pon-yne -CUNY Kathryn Rowberg.Purdue University Calumet of Technology Rober Gordon,Chicago rsity of Michigan ince Edward Island f South australia Ron Haines university of New south wales Paul d siders university of minnesota duluth Harjinder Singh,Panjab University d M.Hamilto iversity of Denmark Gerard S.Harbison,University Nebraska at Lincoln Patric.Snyder,Florida Atlantic University UIf Henriksson,Royal Institute ofTechnology,Sweden Olle Soderman,Lund University Peter Stbs, chnology.Sweden Robert E.Howard,University of Tulsa Fu-Ming Tao,California State University,Fullerton Mike Jezercak,University of Central Oklahoma Eimer Tuite,University of Newcastle Eric Waclawik.Que nsland Uni iversity of Technol
Acknowledgements A book as extensive as this could not have been written without significant input from many individuals. We would like to reiterate our thanks to the hundreds of people who contributed to the first seven editions. Our warm thanks go Charles Trapp, Carmen Giunta, and Marshall Cady who have produced the Solutions manuals that accompany this book. Many people gave their advice based on the seventh edition, and others reviewed the draft chapters for the eighth edition as they emerged. We therefore wish to thank the following colleagues most warmly: Joe Addison, Governors State University Joseph Alia, University of Minnesota Morris David Andrews, University of East Anglia Mike Ashfold, University of Bristol Daniel E. Autrey, Fayetteville State University Jeffrey Bartz, Kalamazoo College Martin Bates, University of Southampton Roger Bickley, University of Bradford E.M. Blokhuis, Leiden University Jim Bowers, University of Exeter Mark S. Braiman, Syracuse University Alex Brown, University of Alberta David E. Budil, Northeastern University Dave Cook, University of Sheffield Ian Cooper, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne T. Michael Duncan, Cornell University Christer Elvingson, Uppsala University Cherice M. Evans, Queens College—CUNY Stephen Fletcher, Loughborough University Alyx S. Frantzen, Stephen F. Austin State University David Gardner, Lander University Roberto A. Garza-López, Pomona College Robert J. Gordon, University of Illinois at Chicago Pete Griffiths, Cardiff University Robert Haines, University of Prince Edward Island Ron Haines, University of New South Wales Arthur M. Halpern, Indiana State University Tom Halstead, University of York Todd M. Hamilton, Adrian College Gerard S. Harbison, University Nebraska at Lincoln Ulf Henriksson, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Mike Hey, University of Nottingham Paul Hodgkinson, University of Durham Robert E. Howard, University of Tulsa Mike Jezercak, University of Central Oklahoma Clarence Josefson, Millikin University Pramesh N. Kapoor, University of Delhi Peter Karadakov, University of York Miklos Kertesz, Georgetown University Neil R. Kestner, Louisiana State University Sanjay Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Jeffry D. Madura, Duquesne University Andrew Masters, University of Manchester Paul May, University of Bristol Mitchell D. Menzmer, Southwestern Adventist University David A. Micha, University of Florida Sergey Mikhalovsky, University of Brighton Jonathan Mitschele, Saint Joseph’s College Vicki D. Moravec, Tri-State University Gareth Morris, University of Manchester Tony Morton-Blake, Trinity College, Dublin Andy Mount, University of Edinburgh Maureen Kendrick Murphy, Huntingdon College John Parker, Heriot Watt University Jozef Peeters, University of Leuven Michael J. Perona, CSU Stanislaus Nils-Ola Persson, Linköping University Richard Pethrick, University of Strathclyde John A. Pojman, The University of Southern Mississippi Durga M. Prasad, University of Hyderabad Steve Price, University College London S. Rajagopal, Madurai Kamaraj University R. Ramaraj, Madurai Kamaraj University David Ritter, Southeast Missouri State University Bent Ronsholdt, Aalborg University Stephen Roser, University of Bath Kathryn Rowberg, Purdue University Calumet S.A. Safron, Florida State University Kari Salmi, Espoo-Vantaa Institute of Technology Stephan Sauer, University of Copenhagen Nicholas Schlotter, Hamline University Roseanne J. Sension, University of Michigan A.J. Shaka, University of California Joe Shapter, Flinders University of South Australia Paul D. Siders, University of Minnesota, Duluth Harjinder Singh, Panjab University Steen Skaarup, Technical University of Denmark David Smith, University of Exeter Patricia A. Snyder, Florida Atlantic University Olle Söderman, Lund University Peter Stilbs, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Svein Stølen, University of Oslo Fu-Ming Tao, California State University, Fullerton Eimer Tuite, University of Newcastle Eric Waclawik, Queensland University of Technology Yan Waguespack, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Terence E. Warner, University of Southern Denmark