e 嗜冷微生物( psychrophiles)最适温度15度 细胞膜中大量不饱和脂肪酸 Cold habitats 主要在极地、深海、高山 (100m以下海洋2-3度) 应用 低温下的酶制剂 (a)snow bank in the Sierra Nevad (如:洗涤剂用的蛋白酶) ( b)A core of permanently frozen sea water from McMurdo sound, Antartica
嗜冷微生物 （psychrophiles） 最适温度<15度 细胞膜中大量不饱和脂肪酸 主要在极地、深海、高山 （100m以下海洋2-3度） 应用： 低温下的酶制剂 （如：洗涤剂用的蛋白酶） 23
e 嗜酸微生物 acidophiles)最适pH<4 细胞内pH接近中性,壁膜的排H能力 嗜碱微生物( alkaliphiles)最适pH>8 洗涤剂的添加剂(蛋白酶,脂肪酶等);不详 Lake Magadi, Kenya 矿山排水 Soda lake, Kenya section of African Rift Valley, PH 11. The pink color is from haloalkaliphilic Archaea
嗜酸微生物 (acidophiles) 最适pH<4 嗜碱微生物（alkaliphiles) 最适pH>8 细胞内pH接近中性，壁膜的排H+能力 洗涤剂的添加剂 (蛋白酶，脂肪酶等）；不详 矿山排水 24
e 嗜盐微生物( halophiles)最适盐度1232% 嗜压微生物( barophiles)最适压力:400m Hypersaline habitats (a) Seawater evaporating ponds near San Franscisco bay. The red-purple color is due to halobacterium cells. b)Great Salt Lake, Utah, the salt concentration is 10 time that of sea water. The green color is due to a halophilic green alga
嗜盐微生物 (halophiles) 最适盐度12-32% 嗜压微生物（barophiles)最适压力>400atm 25
极端微生物 Extremophiles These microbes thrive under conditions that would killed other creatures The molecules that enable extremophiles to prosper are becoming useful to ndustry 嗜碱(pH9 嗜酸 (pH<4) Alcali-loving microbes 嗜热(5080度) Alkaliphiles Deep sea vent Sulfuric spring Heat loving microbes oda lake 5 Thermophiles AGid-lovingyidesvNatronobacterium robes -AcidopHiles Hyperthermophiles 自 gregoryi 7 超嗜热(∞80度e Sea ice Sulfolobus Cold loving microbes acidocaldarius 4 Salt lake sychropbiles Salt-loving microbes Methanopyrus kandleri Polaromonas vacuolata Halophiles Haloferax volcanii 嗜冷 (0-10度 嗜盐 (salt10%)(Scientific A
极端微生物 嗜热 （50-80度) 嗜冷（0-10度) 嗜酸（pH<4) 超嗜热 （>80度) 嗜碱（pH>9) 嗜盐（salt>10%) 26
Extremophiles Record Holders Extreme Degerp Term Genusspa Minimum Optimum Maximum Temperature Hyperthermo. Pyrolobus 106C 113°C phile fumaric Psychrophile Pole 0°C 12=C vacuolate H Acidophile Picrophilus 006 0.7e0C4 shinee High Alkaliphile Natronobaeter. 8.6 100% iumi maradi ressuRE Agrophile MT-41(Mari- 500 atm 700 atm 21000 ann Trench) 4"c ntn Salt (NaCI) Halophile Halobacterium 155 25 30 salinarum
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