HH CHCC Chapter 4 Alkanes. 2-methyl-4-p Nomenclature,H Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction'tetsynthesis H Cl 烷烃:命名、构象分析及合成导论
Chapter 4 Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis 烷烃 命名 构象分析及合成导论
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction to alkanes and Cycloalkanes Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction to Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 4.1A Sources of alkanes petroleum o The primary source of alkanes is petroleum o Natural gas consists chiefly of methane, but ethane, propane, butane, and isobutane are also present o Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must be refined into different fraction before it can be used Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 4.1A Sources of Alkanes: Petroleum The primary source of alkanes is petroleum Natural gas consists chiefly of methane, but ethane, propane, butane, and isobutane are also present. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must be refined into different fraction before it can be used
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 4. IB Petroleum Refining(精炼) AsI p halt lubricating oil waxes Gas oil (C1-C Petroleum K erosene (C1-C14 Straight-run gasoline (C5-C1) Natural gas Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 4.1B Petroleum Refining (精炼) Asphalt Asphalt Petroleum Petroleum Natural gas (C1 – C4) Natural gas (C1 – C4) Straight-run gasoline (C5 – C11) Straight-run gasoline (C5 – C11) Kerosene (C11 – C14) Kerosene (C11 – C14) Gas oil (C14 – C25) Gas oil (C14 – C25) Lubricating oil waxes Lubricating oil waxes
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 4 IC Cracking(裂化) o Catalytic cracking-gas oil fraction is heated at 400- 500C in the presence of catalysts and cracking into smaller molecules suitable for use in gasoline Thermal cracking一 in the absence of a catalysis- unbranched alkanes- low octane ratin Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 4.1C Cracking (裂化) Catalytic cracking — gas oil fraction is heated at 400 ~ 500 in the presence of catalysts and “cracking” into smaller molecules suitable for use in gasoline Thermal cracking — in the absence of a catalysis — unbranched alkanes — low “octane rating