厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第四章 烷烃 命名 构象分析及合成导论（4.1-4.3）Introduction to Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 octane(异辛烷) CH3 CH3 CH3C-CH2CHCH3 CH 3 Isooctane (2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane) cane rating(辛烷值)=100 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 Isooctane (异辛烷) CH3 C CH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) Octane rating (辛烷值)= 100

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 4.2 Shapes of alkanes Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 4.2 Shapes of Alkanes

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 o Straight-chain alkanes norma alkanes o Unbranched-chain alkanes o Constitutional isomers CH3-CH,-CH-CH,CH, n-Pentane CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 Isopentane CH CH3 CH3-C-CH Neopentane CH Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 Straight-chain alkanes — “normal” alkanes Unbranched-chain alkanes Constitutional isomers CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 n-Pentane CH3 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 Isopentane CH3 C CH3 CH3 CH3 Neopentane

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 Constitutional isomers Isomers Di diastereomers Stereo isomers Enantiomers Conformers Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 Constitutional isomers Isomers Isomers Diastereomers Stereo isomers Enantiomers Conformers

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 4 o Constitutional isomers are always found to have different physical properties(melting points boiling points, densities, indexes of refraction) compounds mp(℃C)bp(℃) 95 68.7 0.6594 153.760.3 0.6532 118 63.3 0.6643 128.858 0.6616 98 497064921.3688 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 4 Constitutional isomers are always found to have different physical properties (melting points, boiling points, densities, indexes of refraction) -98 49.7 0.6492 1.3688 -128.8 58 0.6616 1.3750 -118 63.3 0.6643 1.3765 -153.7 60.3 0.6532 1.3714 -95 68.7 0.6594 1.3748 bp( d nD compounds mp( ) )