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XIVPREFACERESOURCESFORINSTRUCTORSMasteringEngineering.This online Tutorial Homeworkprogram allowsyoutointegratedynamichomeworkwithautomaticgradingandadaptivetutoring.MasteringEngineering allows you to easily track the performanceof your entire class on an assignment-by-assignment basis, or the detailedwork of an individual student..Instructor's Solutions Manual.An instructor's solutions manual wasprepared by the author.The manual includes homework assignment listsand was also checked as part of the accuracy checking program.TheInstructor Solutions Manual is available at www.pearsonhighered.comPresentation Resources. All art from the text is available in PowerPointslideand JPEGformat.Thesefiles areavailablefor downloadfromtheInstructorResource Center at www.pearsonhighered.com.If you are inneedof aloginandpasswordforthis site,pleasecontactyourlocalPearsonrepresentative.Video Solutions.Developed by Professor Edward Berger,PurdueUniversity,video solutions locatedon thePearson EngineeringPortaloffer step-by-step solutionwalkthroughs of representativehomeworkproblems from each section of the text.Make efficient use of class timeandofficehoursbyshowingstudentsthecompleteandconciseproblemsolving approaches that they can access anytime and view at their ownpace.The videos aredesigned tobea flexible resource tobe used howevereach instructor and student prefers.Avaluabletutorial resource,thevideos are also helpful for student self-evaluation as students can pausethe videos to check their understanding and work alongside the videoAccessthevideos atpearsonhighered.com/engineering-resources/andfollowthelinksfortheMechanics of Materialstext.RESOURCESFORSTUDENTS.Mastering Engineering.Tutorial homework problems emulate theinstrutor's office-hourenvironment.Engineering Portal-The Pearson Engineering Portal, located atpearsonhighered.com/engineering-resources/includesopportunitiesforpractice and reviewincluding:.Video Solutions-Complete,step-by-step solution walkthroughs ofrepresentativehomeworkproblemsfromeachsectionof thetext.Videosofferfullyworked solutions that showevery step of therepresentativehomeworkproblems-thishelps studentsmakevital connections betweenconcepts
xiv Preface RESOURCES FOR INSTRUCTORS • MasteringEngineering. This online Tutorial Homework program allows you to integrate dynamic homework with automatic grading and adaptive tutoring. MasteringEngineering allows you to easily track the performance of your entire class on an assignment-by-assignment basis, or the detailed work of an individual student. • Instructor’s Solutions Manual. An instructor’s solutions manual was prepared by the author. The manual includes homework assignment lists and was also checked as part of the accuracy checking program. The Instructor Solutions Manual is available at www.pearsonhighered.com. • Presentation Resources. All art from the text is available in PowerPoint slide and JPEG format. These files are available for download from the Instructor Resource Center at www.pearsonhighered.com. If you are in need of a login and password for this site, please contact your local Pearson representative. • Video Solutions. Developed by Professor Edward Berger, Purdue University, video solutions located on the Pearson Engineering Portal offer step-by-step solution walkthroughs of representative homework problems from each section of the text. Make efficient use of class time and office hours by showing students the complete and concise problem solving approaches that they can access anytime and view at their own pace. The videos are designed to be a flexible resource to be used however each instructor and student prefers. A valuable tutorial resource, the videos are also helpful for student self-evaluation as students can pause the videos to check their understanding and work alongside the video. Access the videos at pearsonhighered.com/engineering-resources/ and follow the links for the Mechanics of Materials text. RESOURCES FOR STUDENTS • Mastering Engineering. Tutorial homework problems emulate the instrutor’s office-hour environment. • Engineering Portal—The Pearson Engineering Portal, located at pearsonhighered.com/engineering-resources/includes opportunities for practice and review including: • Video Solutions—Complete, step-by-step solution walkthroughs of representative homework problems from each section of the text. Videos offer fully worked solutions that show every step of the representative homework problems—this helps students make vital connections between concepts
CONTENTS3123StressAxialLoadChapter Objectives3ChapterObjectives1231.1Introduction34.1Saint-Venant's Principle1231.214.2EquilibriumofaDeformableBody4ElasticDeformationofanAxiallyLoaded1.3Stress22Member1251.44.3Average Normal Stress in an AxiallyPrincipleof Superposition1404.4LoadedBar24Statically IndeterminateAxially Loaded1.5AverageShearStress32Members1404.51.6AllowableStressDesign46TheForceMethodofAnalysisforAxially1.7LimitStateDesign48LoadedMembers1474.6ThermalStress155:4.7Stress Concentrations162*4.8InelasticAxialDeformation165*4.9ResidualStress167269StrainChapterObjectives 692.1Deformation 692.2Strain705183TorsionChapterObjectives 1835.1Mechanical PropertiesTorsional DeformationofaCircular3Shaft18385of Materials5.2TheTorsionFormula1865.3PowerTransmission 194Chapter Objectives853.15.4Angle of Twist 206TheTensionand Compression Test853.25.5TheStress-StrainDiagram87Statically Indeterminate Torque-Loaded3.3Members222Stress-Strain Behaviorof Ductile and*5.6Brittle Materials91Solid NoncircularShafts229*5.7Thin-WalledTubesHavingClosedCross3.4StrainEnergy 953.5Poisson'sRatio106Sections 2323.6TheShear Stress-StrainDiagram1085.8Stress Concentration 242*3.7*5.9InelasticTorsion 245Failureof MaterialsDuetoCreepand Fatigue 111*5.10 Residual Stress247
CONTENTS Axial Load 123 Chapter Objectives 123 4.1 Saint-Venant’s Principle 123 4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member 125 4.3 Principle of Superposition 140 4.4 Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members 140 4.5 The Force Method of Analysis for Axially Loaded Members 147 4.6 Thermal Stress 155 4.7 Stress Concentrations 162 *4.8 Inelastic Axial Deformation 165 *4.9 Residual Stress 167 Stress 3 4 Chapter Objectives 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body 4 1.3 Stress 22 1.4 Average Normal Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar 24 1.5 Average Shear Stress 32 1.6 Allowable Stress Design 46 1.7 Limit State Design 48 1 Strain 69 Chapter Objectives 69 2.1 Deformation 69 2.2 Strain 70 2 Mechanical Properties of Materials 85 Chapter Objectives 85 3.1 The Tension and Compression Test 85 3.2 The Stress–Strain Diagram 87 3.3 Stress–Strain Behavior of Ductile and Brittle Materials 91 3.4 Strain Energy 95 3.5 Poisson’s Ratio 106 3.6 The Shear Stress–Strain Diagram 108 *3.7 Failure of Materials Due to Creep and Fatigue 111 3 Torsion 183 Chapter Objectives 183 5.1 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft 183 5.2 The Torsion Formula 186 5.3 Power Transmission 194 5.4 Angle of Twist 206 5.5 Statically Indeterminate Torque-Loaded Members 222 *5.6 Solid Noncircular Shafts 229 *5.7 Thin-Walled Tubes Having Closed Cross Sections 232 5.8 Stress Concentration 242 *5.9 Inelastic Torsion 245 *5.10 Residual Stress 247 5
XVICONTENTS-263Bending445Stress TransformationChapter Objectives 263ChapterObjectives4456.1Shear and MomentDiagrams2639.1Plane-Stress Transformation 4459.26.2Graphical MethodforConstructingShearGeneral EquationsofPlane-Stressand MomentDiagrams270Transformation 4506.39.3Bending Deformation of a StraightPrincipal Stresses and Maximum In-PlaneMember 289ShearStress4539.46.4TheFlexureFormula：293Mohr's Circle-Plane Stress4696.59.5UnsymmetricBending310AbsoluteMaximumShearStress481*6.6Composite Beams320*6.7ReinforcedConcreteBeams323*6.8Curved Beams3276.9StressConcentrations334*6.10InelasticBending34410493Strain TransformationChapterObjectives49310.1Plane Strain49336710.2GeneralEquationsofPlane-StrainTransverse ShearTransformation 494*10.3ChapterObjectives367Mohr'sCircle-PlaneStrain502*10.4AbsoluteMaximumShearStrain5107.1元Shear in Straight Members36710.597.2StrainRosettes 512The Shear Formula 36810.6MaterialPropertyRelationships5167.3号ShearFlowinBuilt-UpMembers386*10.7Theories of Failure5287.4ShearFlowinThin-WalledMembers395*7.5ShearCenterforOpenThin-WalledMembers400Design of Beams and11545Shafts8413Combined LoadingsChapterObjectives54511.1Basisfor BeamDesign 545Chapter Objectives41311.2PrismaticBeamDesign5488.1Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels413*11.3FullyStressedBeams 5628.2Stateof Stress Caused by Combined*11.4ShaftDesign566Loadings420
xvi Contents Stress Transformation 445 Chapter Objectives 445 9.1 Plane-Stress Transformation 445 9.2 General Equations of Plane-Stress Transformation 450 9.3 Principal Stresses and Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress 453 9.4 Mohr’s Circle—Plane Stress 469 9.5 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress 481 Bending 263 9 Chapter Objectives 263 6.1 Shear and Moment Diagrams 263 6.2 Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams 270 6.3 Bending Deformation of a Straight Member 289 6.4 The Flexure Formula 293 6.5 Unsymmetric Bending 310 *6.6 Composite Beams 320 *6.7 Reinforced Concrete Beams 323 *6.8 Curved Beams 327 6.9 Stress Concentrations 334 *6.10 Inelastic Bending 344 6 Transverse Shear 367 Chapter Objectives 367 7.1 Shear in Straight Members 367 7.2 The Shear Formula 368 7.3 Shear Flow in Built-Up Members 386 7.4 Shear Flow in Thin-Walled Members 395 *7.5 Shear Center for Open Thin-Walled Members 400 7 Combined Loadings 413 Chapter Objectives 413 8.1 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels 413 8.2 State of Stress Caused by Combined Loadings 420 8 Strain Transformation 493 Chapter Objectives 493 10.1 Plane Strain 493 10.2 General Equations of Plane-Strain Transformation 494 *10.3 Mohr’s Circle—Plane Strain 502 *10.4 Absolute Maximum Shear Strain 510 10.5 Strain Rosettes 512 10.6 Material Property Relationships 516 *10.7 Theories of Failure 528 10 Design of Beams and Shafts 545 Chapter Objectives 545 11.1 Basis for Beam Design 545 11.2 Prismatic Beam Design 548 *11.3 Fully Stressed Beams 562 *11.4 Shaft Design 566 11
XVIICONTENTSDeflectionof Beams1412723EnergyMethods577and ShaftsChapterObjectives577ChapterObjectives72314.112.1TheElasticCurve:577ExternalWorkandStrainEnergy72312.2SlopeandDisplacementby14.2ElasticStrainEnergyforVariousTypesIntegration581of Loading728*12.314.3DiscontinuityFunctions 599Conservation of Energy 741*12.414.4Impact Loading 748SlopeandDisplacementbythe*14.5Moment-Area Method 611Principle of VirtualWork75912.5*14.6MethodofSuperposition626Methodof Virtual Forces Applied12.6toTrusses762StaticallyIndeterminateBeams*14.7andShafts 634Methodof Virtual Forces Applied12.7StaticallyIndeterminateBeamsandto Beams770*14.8Shafts-Methodof Integration635Castigliano's Theorem 779*12.8*14.9Statically Indeterminate Beams andCastigliano'sTheoremAppliedto Trusses781Shafts-Moment-AreaMethod640*14.1012.9Statically Indeterminate Beams andCastigliano's TheoremAppliedShafts-Method of Superposition 646toBeams784Appendix13665Bucklingof ColumnsAGeometricPropertiesofanArea792BGeometric Properties of StructuralChapterObjectives665Shapes80613.1cCritical Load 665Slopes and Deflections of Beams 81413.2Ideal ColumnwithPinSupports668Solutions and Answers for13.3Columns Having Various Types ofSupports674PreliminaryProblems816*13.4The Secant Formula686FundamentalProblemsPartial*13.5InelasticBuckling692SolutionsandAnswers826*13.6Design of Columns forConcentricLoading 700SelectedAnswers 848*13.7Designof ColumnsforEccentricIndex868Loading 710
Contents xvii Deflection of Beams and Shafts 577 Energy Methods 723 Chapter Objectives 577 12.1 The Elastic Curve 577 12.2 Slope and Displacement by Integration 581 *12.3 Discontinuity Functions 599 *12.4 Slope and Displacement by the Moment-Area Method 611 12.5 Method of Superposition 626 12.6 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts 634 12.7 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Method of Integration 635 *12.8 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Moment-Area Method 640 12.9 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Method of Superposition 646 Chapter Objectives 723 14.1 External Work and Strain Energy 723 14.2 Elastic Strain Energy for Various Types of Loading 728 14.3 Conservation of Energy 741 14.4 Impact Loading 748 *14.5 Principle of Virtual Work 759 *14.6 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Trusses 762 *14.7 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Beams 770 *14.8 Castigliano’s Theorem 779 *14.9 Castigliano’s Theorem Applied to Trusses 781 *14.10 Castigliano’s Theorem Applied to Beams 784 12 14 Buckling of Columns 665 Chapter Objectives 665 13.1 Critical Load 665 13.2 Ideal Column with Pin Supports 668 13.3 Columns Having Various Types of Supports 674 *13.4 The Secant Formula 686 *13.5 Inelastic Buckling 692 *13.6 Design of Columns for Concentric Loading 700 *13.7 Design of Columns for Eccentric Loading 710 13 Appendix A Geometric Properties of an Area 792 B Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes 806 C Slopes and Deflections of Beams 814 Solutions and Answers for Preliminary Problems 816 Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers 826 Selected Answers 848 Index 868