xvii Building the Mobile Internet expected to evaluate his or her mobility user case(s)that must be supported and make decisions based on his or her own criteria on which technique(s)to adopt for mobilizing the Internet. This book is written for many levels of technical expertise,including network design work pl mobile net ts int ed in understar d. ing the technole g trends that affect mobile ope tors,s dents reparin ng for a IP networking that is increasingly being impacted by mobil etechnologies,and nology officers(CTO)seeking a further understanding of the convergence of IP and mobile technologies. How This Book Is Organized Although this book can be read fro over,it is designed to be flexible and asily mo m cover to etween d ections chapters arn jus information that you need. This book covers the following topics: Chapter 1,"Introduction to 'Mobility'":This chapter defines the mobility market in terms of device proliferation,consumption trends,and radio-specific challenges in scaling for massive adoption of the mobile Internet. Chapter 2,"Internet'Sessions":This chapter explains the protocols and layers that make up the Internet architecture.as well as the fundamental problem with that architecture in supporting mobility. ■ and devices are authen ng the networ those that are not operated by the operator that the user has a subscription with. Chapter 4,"Data Link Layer Mobility":This chapter explains the benefits of solv ing mobility at the data link layer.Contrasting approaches for delivering local-and wide-area wireless mobility are introduced and used with Wi-Fi and cellular tech- nologies. Chapter 5,"Network Layer Mobility":This chapter provides an overview of a num ber of network layer solutions for delivering seamless mobility and session continu- ity Chapter6."Transport/Session Layer Mobility"This chapter describes the advan tages of integrating mobility functionality into the transport/session layer.The required mobile modifications to existing transport/session layer protocols are intro duced. Chapter 7"Application Mobility":This chapter describes how the application layer can be enhanced with additional mobility functionality,allowing advanced mobility use cases to be supported,including the ability to move media sessions between dif- ferentdevices. From <www.wowebook.com>
ptg expected to evaluate his or her mobility user case(s) that must be supported and make decisions based on his or her own criteria on which technique(s) to adopt for mobilizing the Internet. This book is written for many levels of technical expertise, including network design engineers and network planning engineers looking to design and implement mobile network migrations toward an all-IP future, networking consultants interested in understanding the technology trends that affect mobile operators, students preparing for a career in IP networking that is increasingly being impacted by mobile technologies, and chief technology officers (CTO) seeking a further understanding of the convergence of IP and mobile technologies. How This Book Is Organized Although this book can be read from cover to cover, it is designed to be flexible and allows you to easily move between chapters and sections of chapters to learn just the information that you need. This book covers the following topics: ■ Chapter 1, “Introduction to ‘Mobility’”: This chapter defines the mobility market in terms of device proliferation, consumption trends, and radio-specific challenges in scaling for massive adoption of the mobile Internet. ■ Chapter 2, “Internet ‘Sessions’”: This chapter explains the protocols and layers that make up the Internet architecture, as well as the fundamental problem with that architecture in supporting mobility. ■ Chapter 3, “Nomadicity”: This chapter describes how users and devices are authenticated for using the network and its applications, in particular those that are not operated by the operator that the user has a subscription with. ■ Chapter 4, “Data Link Layer Mobility”: This chapter explains the benefits of solving mobility at the data link layer. Contrasting approaches for delivering local- and wide-area wireless mobility are introduced and used with Wi-Fi and cellular technologies. ■ Chapter 5, “Network Layer Mobility”: This chapter provides an overview of a number of network layer solutions for delivering seamless mobility and session continuity. ■ Chapter 6, “Transport/Session Layer Mobility”: This chapter describes the advantages of integrating mobility functionality into the transport/session layer. The required mobile modifications to existing transport/session layer protocols are introduced. ■ Chapter 7, “Application Mobility”: This chapter describes how the application layer can be enhanced with additional mobility functionality, allowing advanced mobility use cases to be supported, including the ability to move media sessions between different devices. xviii Building the Mobile Internet From <www.wowebook.com>
Introduction xix ◆ Chapter 8Locator-Identifier Separation"This chapter provides an overview of the approaches for redesigning the Internet architecture to allow better mobility,as well as a discussion of the pros and cons of some typical examples of those approaches. From <www.wowebook.com>
ptg ■ Chapter 8, “Locator-Identifier Separation”: This chapter provides an overview of the approaches for redesigning the Internet architecture to allow better mobility, as well as a discussion of the pros and cons of some typical examples of those approaches. Introduction xix From <www.wowebook.com>
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Chapter 1 ntroduction to“Mobility” This book provides insight into techniques for building mobility into the Internet,so per- haps a good place to start would be with a definition of mobility.As is often the case, you could look to Google to provide some inspiration about the definition of mobility. Having entered Oxford English Dictionary and mobility into the search engine,you might be interested to find that one of PageRank's highest-priority results is associated. not with the Oxford English Dictionary's (OED's)definition of mobility,but with a news report describing the new iPhone application for the OED. ma iPhone applications enabling ubiquitous access to online dictionaries The ability to ccess any onnnny device over anynetwork inanyoctionisbecomnreali ty.Critically,however,mobility has not been integrated into the fabric of the Internet, and instead,a range of different techniques are available for delivering such a mobile experience.This has resulted in the concepts of mobiliry being widely referenced but seldom understood. The concept of mobility might imply a user with a laptop who wants Internet access es,a user witha mobile device who wants a seamless Internet experi unlicensed Wi-Fi technolo to offload vices and wants a seamless Internet experience across those devices. As today's networks migrate toward"all-IB"numerous protocols and solutions have been designed to handle these different types of mobility,with varying degrees of market adoption and formal standardization.This book looks at the protocols that are relevant to the mobility landscape,contrasts different approaches at delivering the mobile experi- ence,and accurately defines and discusses the mobile Internet evolution. From<www.wowebook.com>
ptg Chapter 1 Introduction to “Mobility” This book provides insight into techniques for building mobility into the Internet, so perhaps a good place to start would be with a definition of mobility. As is often the case, you could look to Google to provide some inspiration about the definition of mobility. Having entered Oxford English Dictionary and mobility into the search engine, you might be interested to find that one of PageRank’s highest-priority results is associated, not with the Oxford English Dictionary’s (OED’s) definition of mobility, but with a news report describing the new iPhone application for the OED1 . As you are surely aware, mobility is becoming a truly pervasive quality associated with nearly all advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), including iPhone applications enabling ubiquitous access to online dictionaries. The ability to access any content, on any device over any network in any location, is becoming a reality. Critically, however, mobility has not been integrated into the fabric of the Internet, and instead, a range of different techniques are available for delivering such a mobile experience. This has resulted in the concepts of mobility being widely referenced but seldom understood. The concept of mobility might imply a user with a laptop who wants Internet access everywhere he goes, a user with a mobile device who wants a seamless Internet experience while he is moving, a user wanting to use unlicensed Wi-Fi technology to offload traffic from a conventional cellular network, or a user who has multiple devices and wants a seamless Internet experience across those devices. As today’s networks migrate toward “all-IP,” numerous protocols and solutions have been designed to handle these different types of mobility, with varying degrees of market adoption and formal standardization. This book looks at the protocols that are relevant to the mobility landscape, contrasts different approaches at delivering the mobile experience, and accurately defines and discusses the mobile Internet evolution. From <www.wowebook.com>
2 Building the Mobile Internet Mobility Market Clearly one of the great successes of the 1990s and early 2000s has been the phenomenal growth in the adoption of cellular service.While the first decade of cellular adoption has been driven by simple circuit-switched service voice,using the Global System for Mobile (GSM)communications or Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)standard,and rapid adoption of services based on Short Message Service(SMS).the second decade can be characterized by the initial adoption of IP-based packet services,using low-rate General Packet radio service (GPRS)or cdma2000 1xRTT-based radio access networks.The next decade of cellular evolution will see increasing uptake of mobile broadband services. using High S Speed Packet Acces ss (HSPA).EVo n-Data for icrowave A。 cess(WiMA Long-Term access networks Indeed,mobile broadband subscriber growth is exceeding that of the fixed broadband.In its analysis of Internet Trends',Morgan Stanley estimates that by 2014.the number of mobile Internet users will surpass the number of fixed Internet users,as illustrated in Figure 1-1.With the mobile broadband subscription rate of growth being greater than twice that of fixed network subscriptions,it is clear that the end of the next decade will see the Internet being dominated by mobile hosts. Mobile Users Desktop Internet Users Within 5 Years Global Mobile vs.Desktop Internet User Projection,2007-2015E 2,000 1,600 1,200 Mobile Internet Users 400 -Desktop Internet Users 0- 2007E2008E2009E2010E2011E2012E2013E2014E2015E Morgan Stanley Source:Morgan Stanley Research Figure 1-1 Growth in Mobile Versus Fixed Broadband Subscribers From <www.wowebook.com>
ptg Mobility Market Clearly one of the great successes of the 1990s and early 2000s has been the phenomenal growth in the adoption of cellular service. While the first decade of cellular adoption has been driven by simple circuit-switched service voice, using the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) standard, and rapid adoption of services based on Short Message Service (SMS), the second decade can be characterized by the initial adoption of IP-based packet services, using low-rate General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) or cdma2000 1xRTT-based radio access networks. The next decade of cellular evolution will see increasing uptake of mobile broadband services, using High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), EVolution-Data Only (EV-DO), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), or Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio access networks. Indeed, mobile broadband subscriber growth is exceeding that of the fixed broadband. In its analysis of Internet Trends2 , Morgan Stanley estimates that by 2014, the number of mobile Internet users will surpass the number of fixed Internet users, as illustrated in Figure 1-1. With the mobile broadband subscription rate of growth being greater than twice that of fixed network subscriptions, it is clear that the end of the next decade will see the Internet being dominated by mobile hosts. 2 Building the Mobile Internet Mobile Users > Desktop Internet Users Within 5 Years Internet Users (MM) Global Mobile vs. Desktop Internet User Projection, 2007–2015E 2,000 1,600 1,200 800 400 0 2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E Mobile Internet Users Desktop Internet Users 2013E 2014E 2015E Morgan Stanley Source: Morgan Stanley Research. Figure 1-1 Growth in Mobile Versus Fixed Broadband Subscribers From <www.wowebook.com>