LECTURE SIX FUNCTIONALISM 第六讲功能主义
第六讲 功能主义 LECTURE SIX FUNCTIONALISM
WHAT IS FUNCTIONALISM? that what makes something a mental state of a particular Functionalism in the philosophy of mind is the doctrine type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part Functionalism is a theoretical level between the physical is different from its predecessors of put [21 Therefore, it implementation and behavioural out Cartesian dualism (advocating independent mental and physical substances) and Skinnerian behaviourism and physicalism(declaring only physical substances) because it is only concerned organization or its software programs,, through its with the effective functions of of the brai
WHAT IS FUNCTIONALISM? Functionalism in the philosophy of mind is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part。 Functionalism is a theoretical level between the physical implementation and behavioural output.[2] Therefore, it is different from its predecessors of Cartesian dualism (advocating independent mental and physical substances) and Skinnerian behaviourism and physicalism (declaring only physical substances) because it is only concerned with the effective functions of the brain, through its organization or its ‘software programs’
MACHINE-STATE FUNCTIONALISM Hilary Whitehall Putnam(born July 31, 1926) is an American philosopher, mathematician and computer scientist, who has been a central figure in analvtic philosophy since the 1960S, especially in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science. 2 He is known for his willingness to apply an equal degree of scrutiny to his own philosophical positions as to those of others, subjecting each position to rigorous analysis until he exposes its flaws. As a result, he has acquired a for frequently changing his own position. 4 Putnam is currently Cogan University Professor Emeritus t Harvard Univer
MACHINE-STATE FUNCTIONALISM Hilary Whitehall Putnam (born July 31, 1926) is an American philosopher,mathematician and computer scientist, who has been a central figure in analytic philosophy since the 1960s, especially in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of science. [2] He is known for his willingness to apply an equal degree of scrutiny to his own philosophical positions as to those of others, subjecting each position to rigorous analysis until he exposes its flaws.[3] As a result, he has acquired a reputation for frequently changing his own position.[4] Putnam is currently Cogan University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University
THE VERY IDEA OF MACHINE-STATE FUNCTIONALISM The early functionalist theories of Putnam(1960, 1967) can be seen as a response to the difficulties facing behaviorism as a scientific psychological theory, and as an endorsement of the(new) computational theories of mind which were becoming increasingly significant rivals to it. According to Putnams machine state functionalism any creature with a mind can be regarded as a Turing machine(an idealized finite state digital computer) whose operation can be fully specified by a set of instructions(a machine table or program) each having the form If the machine is in state S, and receives input I, it will go into state Sk and produce output O, (for a finite number of states, inputs and outputs A machine table of this sort describes the operation of a deterministic automaton, but most machine state functionalists(e. g. Putnam 1967)take the proper model for the mind to be that of a probabilistic automaton: one in which the program specifies, for each state and set of inputs, the probability with which the machine will enter some subsequent state and produce some particular output
THE VERY IDEA OF MACHINE-STATE FUNCTIONALISM The early functionalist theories of Putnam (1960, 1967) can be seen as a response to the difficulties facing behaviorism as a scientific psychological theory, and as an endorsement of the (new) computational theories of mind which were becoming increasingly significant rivals to it. According to Putnam's machine state functionalism, any creature with a mind can be regarded as a Turing machine (an idealized finite state digital computer), whose operation can be fully specified by a set of instructions (a “machine table” or program) each having the form: If the machine is in state Si , and receives input Ij , it will go into state Sk and produce output Ol (for a finite number of states, inputs and outputs). A machine table of this sort describes the operation of a deterministic automaton, but most machine state functionalists (e.g. Putnam 1967) take the proper model for the mind to be that of a probabilistic automaton: one in which the program specifies, for each state and set of inputs, the probability with which the machine will enter some subsequent state and produce some particular output
THE VERY IDEA OF TURING MACHINE Alan mathison Turing, OBE, FRS(/'tjuorin TEWR-ing; 23 June 1912-7 June 1954), was an English mathematician, logici an, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist. He was highly influential in the development of computer science. providing a formalisation of the concepts of" algorithm"and computation"with the Turing machine, which played a significant role in the creation of the modern computer
THE VERY IDEA OF TURING MACHINE Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS ( /ˈtjʊərɪŋ / TEWR-ing; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954), was an English mathematician, logici an, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist. He was highly influential in the development of computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of "algorithm" and "computation" with the Turing machine, which played a significant role in the creation of the modern computer