二、转化技术和利用原理HydrogenWater-gas shiftGasolineMethanolMeOH SynthesisOlefinsSyn-gasGasificationCO + H,AlkanesFischer-Tropsch SynthesisSteam-ReformingAromatics,hydrocarbonsHydrodeoxygenationBio-oilsBiomass FeedstocksFast PyrolysisZeolite UpgradingAromatics,light alkanes,coke(Sugars, Acids,Cellulosic BiomassLiquefactionAldehydes,(wood,woodwastesDirect UseEmulsionsAromatics)corn Stover,switchgrass,agriculturalAlkyl benzenes,phenolswaste,straw, etc.)HydrodeoxygenationLigninChemical Structure:(coumaryl,Aromatics, cokecellulose,Zeolite upgradingconiferyl andhemicellulose,sinapylC-Crs n-Alkanes,AlcoholsAignina'ceasligarsAquPhase ProcFurfurajDehydrationHydrogenationMTHF(Methyltetrahydrofuran)(Xylose)Corn StoverPretreatmentLevulinicC6 SugarsBagasseLevulinic Esters4HydrolysisEsterificationDehydration1AcidCornMTHFHydrogenationCornC6 SugarsGrain Bydrolysis(Glucose, FructoseEthanol, ButanolFermentation(90%)SucroseSugarcaneAllSugarsC-Cg n-AlkanesGlucose (10 %)APD/HAromatics, alkanes,cokeZeoliteHydrogenAlkyl esters(Bio-diesel)Aqueous or S. C. ReformingTransesterificationC,-Cy Alkanes/AlkenesTriglyceridesZeolite/Pyrolysis(VegetableGreendiesel/greenjetOils,Algae)HydroprocessingDirect UseBlending/Direct UseG.WHuber,S.Iborra,A.Corma;ChemicalReviews106,4044(2006)
Biomass Feedstocks Cellulosic Biomass (wood, wood wastes, corn Stover, switch grass, agricultural waste, straw, etc.) Chemical Structure: cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin Gasification Fast Pyrolysis Liquefaction Pretreatment & Hydrolysis Syn-gas CO + H2 Bio-oils (Sugars, Acids, Aldehydes, Aromatics) Lignin (coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols) C5 Sugars (Xylose) C6 Sugars (Glucose, Fructose) Corn Hydrolysis Sugarcane Triglycerides (Vegetable Oils, Algae) Water-gas shift MeOH Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Hydrogen Methanol Alkanes Hydrodeoxygenation Zeolite Upgrading Emulsions Gasoline Olefins Steam-Reforming Hydrodeoxygenation Zeolite upgrading Fermentation Ethanol, Butanol Corn Stover Sucrose (90%) Glucose (10 %) Corn Grain Bagasse Aromatics, hydrocarbons Aromatics, light alkanes, coke Direct Use All Sugars Furfural Dehydration MTHF (Methyltetrahydrofuran) C6 Sugars Alkyl benzenes, phenols Aromatics, coke Transesterification Zeolite/Pyrolysis Aqu. Phase Proc. C8-C13 n-Alkanes, Alcohols Hydrogenation Levulinic Acid MTHF Esterification Levulinic Esters Hydrogenation Dehydration APD/H C1-C6 n-Alkanes Zeolite Aromatics, alkanes, coke Aqueous or S.C. Reforming Hydrogen Hydroprocessing Alkyl esters (Bio-diesel) C1-C14 Alkanes/Alkenes Green diesel/green jet Blending/Direct Use Direct Use G.W. Huber, S. Iborra, A. Corma; Chemical Reviews 106, 4044 (2006). 二、转化技术和利用原理
生物质转化技术燃烧（热量）热裂解（油液碳气）热化学转化(Thermchem.）水热转化（油液碳气）溶剂热解（油气）发酵乙醇（燃料）厌氧消化（沼气/甲烷）生化转化(Biochem.)生物光解（氢气）生物质（MFC)微生物燃料电池(Biomass)压缩成型（颗粒燃料/板材）物理转化压榨（汁液/油料）(Physical)造纸（Paper）生物柴油(Biodiesel)多种过程(MutiProcess)生物制氢气(H2)
生物质转化技术 生物质 (Biomass) 生化转化 (Biochem.) 热化学转化 (Thermchem.) 物理转化 (Physical) 发酵乙醇 (燃料) 生物柴油 (Biodiesel) 厌氧消化(沼气/甲烷) 生物光解 (氢气) 燃烧 (热量) 热裂解 (油液碳气) 水热转化 (油液碳气) 造纸 (Paper) 压缩成型 (颗粒燃料/板材) 微生物燃料电池 (MFC) 多种过程 (MutiProcess) 溶剂热解 (油气) 压榨(汁液/油料) 生物制氢气(H2)
不同能源转化技术比较FAOLSCHEEREEISSTITODifferent feedstock as sourcefor thesame product:CHPSISNGbiogasNatural gas生物化学地球化学biochemicalthermo chemicalgeologicaldaysMillion yearsseconds10.011001E+081E+101E+121E+141E+16 [s]1E+041E+06SNG:SyntheticNaturalGas,SubstituteNaturalGasOthernamesforRenewableNaturalGas:RNG:RenewableNaturalGasBiomethane,biogas
不同能源转化技术比较 热化学 生物化学 地球化学
2.1.热化学转化燃烧（热量）热裂解军（油液碳气）热化学转化(Thermchem.）水热转化（油液碳气）溶剂热解 (油）
2.1. 热化学转化 热化学转化 (Thermchem.) 燃烧 (热量) 热裂解 (油液碳气) 水热转化 (油液碳气) 溶剂热解 (油)
(1)燃烧生物质燃烧技术一最成熟、最简便可行的方式之一DirectoFertilizerCombustionVehicularFuel片AnaerobicProductionDigestionBiomassPYROLYTICREACTOR-0GASTOPRE-DRYERTOCO-GENERATOIBIOMASSCHARCOALCCharcoalGasificationPyrolysisProduction
(1)燃烧 生物质燃烧技术 — —最成熟、最简便 可行的方式之一