ElectrodepotentialTiTi4+/Ti = -0.882 VOZrZr4+/Zr=-1.529VHfHf4+/Hf = -1.70V0Reactivity of the elements increases from Ti to Hf, due tohigher bond energies, which is reflected in the values
11 Electrode potential Ti φºTi4+/Ti = −0.882 V Zr φºZr4+/Zr = −1.529V Hf φºHf4+/Hf = −1.70V Reactivity of the elements increases from Ti to Hf, due to higher bond energies, which is reflected in the φº values
CNTiF?TiX4Ti: 4, 6ZrFZr/Hf: 6-8Zr[(C,04)4]4
12 CN Ti: 4 , 6 TiX4 TiF6 2 - Zr/Hf: 6-8 ZrF3 7- Zr[(C2O4 )4 ] 4-
14-2-2 TitaniumHow does Ti occur in nature and how is it extracted?(1)ExtractionofTitaniumTiis the tenth most abundant element (Al Fe Ca K MgTi)and the seventh most abundant metal (0.63%)inearth'scrust
13 14-2-2 Titanium How does Ti occur in nature and how is it extracted? (1) Extraction of Titanium Ti is the tenth most abundant element (Al Fe Ca K Mg Ti ) and the seventh most abundant metal (0.63%) in earth’s crust
TiO,Ores :retile金红石ioniccompoundsRetile is a basiccrystallographic latticeforionic compounds.anatase锐钛矿brookite板钛矿.These two forms ofTiO, have distorted rutile lattice. Anataes is more stableby 8-12 kJ/mol.Imeaite FeTiO,contains impurities of iron and otherbasemetals
14 TiO2 Ores ： retile 金红石——ionic compounds Retile is a basic crystallographic lattice for ionic compounds. anatase锐钛矿brookite板钛矿. These two forms of TiO2 have distorted rutile lattice. Anataes is more stable by 8-12 kJ/mol. Ilmeaite FeTiO3 contains impurities of iron and other base metals
DWohler'sprocess2FeTiO, +2K,CO, (excess) →2K,TiO, + Fe,O, + CO +CO,K,Ti0, + 6HF → K,TiF.+3H,0K,TiF.+ 2NHH,O → TiO, +2KF + 2NHHFRose'sprocessFeTiO, +H,S-→ FeS + TiO, + H,OFeS +2HCI→ FeCl +H,SPowered ilmenite is heated to redness in a stream of H,Swhereby FeS is formed. Upon cooling, digestion in HCldissevers FeS as FeCl, leaving behind TiO
15 ①Wohler’s process 2FeTiO3 +2K2CO3（excess）→ 2K2TiO3 + Fe2O3 + CO + CO2 K2TiO3 + 6HF → K2TiF6 + 3H2O K2TiF6 + 2NH4 •H2O → TiO2 + 2KF + 2NH4HF2 ②Rose’s process FeTiO3 + H2 S → FeS + TiO2 + H2O FeS +2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 S Powered ilmenite is heated to redness in a stream of H2 S whereby FeS is formed. Upon cooling, digestion in HCl dissevers FeS as FeCl2 leaving behind TiO2