Chapter 11 Elementsin p-Block1Introduction2Halogens3Oxygenandchalcogens4Nitrogen,phosphorus,arsenic,antimony,bismuth5Carbon,silicon,germanium,tin,lead6 Boron,aluminum,thallium7 Hydrogenand noble gases8Summary
1 Chapter 11 Elements in p - Block 1 Introduction 2 Halogens 3 Oxygen and chalcogens 4 Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth 5 Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead 6 Boron, aluminum, thallium 7 Hydrogen and noble gases 8 Summary
1 Introduction1-2 Characteristics of elements in p- BlockHHeFBNNe0CSSiPArAlCI?BrGaAsSeGeXeTeSnSb1InTIBiPbPoAtRn
2 1 Introduction 1-2 Characteristics of elements in p- Block H He B C N O F Ne Al Si P S Cl Ar Ga Ge As Se Br Kr In Sn Sb Te I Xe Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
outer electron configurations : ns?npl-6O group: ns?np6With their closed-shell electron configurations ns?np,thenoblegas elements of Ogroupneitherattractnorloseelectronsundercommonconditions.VIA-IIIA: ns?npl-5numberofvalenceelectronsthe highest oxidation number=groupnumberThe 2l nonmetalelements, each tends to attract electronsto itself to reach the closed-shell electron configurations
3 outer electron configurations ：ns2np1-6 0 group：ns2np6 With their closed-shell electron configurations ns2np6 , the noble gas elements of 0 group neither attract nor lose electrons under common conditions. ⅦA-IIIA：ns2np1－5 number of valence electrons = the highest oxidation number = group number The 21 nonmetal elements, each tends to attract electrons to itself to reach the closed-shell electron configurations
1-2 Trends of atomic propertiesFrom top to bottom in the same group,rincreases, Ii, Ei and X decrease
4 1-2 Trends of atomic properties From top to bottom in the same group, r increases, I 1, E1 and X decrease
Abnormality for elements in period 2highelectronegativityvalue(X),smallradius,no d orbitalforuseTheelectronaffinityE,:F<Cl>Br>IX-Xbondstrengths:F<CI>Br>ICoordinationnumber CN≤4
5 Abnormality for elements in period 2 high electronegativity value (X) , small radius, no d orbital for use. The electron affinity E1 : F < Cl > Br > I X-X bond strengths: F < Cl > Br > I Coordination number CN ≤ 4