4. As central elements to form complexes价键理论：：(n一1)d nsnp能级相近且为空轨道，可以杂化成键，例 Co(II) sp3杂化 Co(SCN)42-Ni(II) dsp2杂化 Ni(CN)42-CFSE：Fe、Co、Ni形成配合物的能力最强
6 4. As central elements to form complexes 价键理论：∵(n－1)d ns np能级相近， 且为空轨道，可以杂化成键， 例 Co(Ⅱ) sp3杂化 Co(SCN)4 2－ Ni(Ⅱ) dsp2杂化 Ni(CN)4 2－ CFSE: Fe、Co、Ni形成配合物的能力最强
5.水合离子、配离子大多有颜色BlueRedPurpleGreenYellowOrangeWavelength/nm400500600700Co0200002500015000Wavenumber/cm-Figure Visiblespectrumof Ti(H,O)3+ solution
7 5.水合离子、配离子大多有颜色 25000 20000 15000 Wave number/cm-1 400 500 600 700 Wavelength/nm Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Absorptivity 0 25000 20000 15000 Wave number/cm-1 400 500 600 700 Wavelength/nm Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Absorptivity 0 25000 20000 15000 Wave number/cm-1 400 500 600 700 Wavelength/nm Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Absorptivity 0 Figure Visible spectrum of Ti(H2O)6 3+ solution
dl-d9离子有色，d轨道上有1~5个未成对电子的水合离子，常具有不同的颜色原因：成单d电子d-d跃迁，吸收可见光中的某些光而显色d°、d10无色,例：Sc3+ La3+ Ti4+Zn2+ Cd2+ Hg2+ Ag*
8 d 1 -d 9离子有色，d轨道上有1~ 5个未成对电 子的水合离子，常具有不同的颜色 原因：成单d电子d-d跃迁， 吸收可见光中的某些光而显色 d 0 、d 10无色 , 例: Sc3+ La3+ Ti4+ Zn2+ Cd2+ Hg2+ Ag+
14-2 Titanium14-2-1General Characteristics14-2-2Titanium14-2-3Compounds of Titanium
9 14-2 Titanium 14-2-1 General Characteristics 14-2-2 Titanium 14-2-3 Compounds of Titanium
14-2 Titanium14-2-1 General CharacteristicsValence electron configuration22 Ti 3d24s2147pm 0.63%40 Zr160pm72 Hf158pmDue to the lanthanide contraction, the sizes of Zr and Hfare almost similar and these elements have almost identicalproperties in the element as well as in the combined states.Oxidation number: Ti (): Ti(H,O)3+紫;Ti(IV)：无色、抗磁Due to the presence of a single electron, the Ti (IⅢI)10stateformscoloredandparamagneticcompounds
10 14-2-1 General Characteristics Valence electron configuration 22 Ti 3d 24s 2 147pm 0.63% 40 Zr 160pm 72 Hf 158pm Due to the lanthanide contraction, the sizes of Zr and Hf are almost similar and these elements have almost identical properties in the element as well as in the combined states. Oxidation number：Ti (Ⅲ)：Ti(H2O)6 3+紫； Ti(Ⅳ)：无色、抗磁 Due to the presence of a single electron, the Ti (Ⅲ) state forms colored and paramagnetic compounds. 14-2 Titanium