Turn to page 34. Read the text of ELISA STORY and find out all the attributive clauses Think over this question: On what circumstance do we use when/ where/ why to introduced ar attributive clause? ("Where""is used when the antecedent refers to a place, and"when"is used for time.Why“ is used when the antecedent is"why”) For reference The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life The school here I studied only tow years was three kilometers away This was a time hen you had got to live in Beijing The when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all The parts of town here they lived were places decided by white people The places herd they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa. 2. Comparing and discovering Turn to page 36. Do Ex 1. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use different words to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same a. The government building where we voted was very grand b. The government building which/ that we paid a visit to yesterday was very grand c. The government building in which we voted was very grand In sentence a), a relative adverb"where " is used because it refers to"in the government building hich serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. "in which"" can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means"in the government building "in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronounwhich" is used as it refers to"the government building" which serves as the object of the predicate"visited""in the attributive claus Compare another three sentences a. The date when I arrived was the 5th August b. The date which/ that he told me was the 5th August c. The date on which I arrived was the 5th August In sentence a), a relative adverb"when"is used because it refers to"on that date" which serves a the adverbial in the attributive clause. in which"can also be used as in sentence c) because it
- 6 - Turn to page 34. Read the text of ELISA’ STORY and find out all the attributive clauses. Think over this question: On what circumstance do we use when/ where/ why to introduced an attributive clause? (“Where” is used when the antecedent refers to a place, and “when” is used for time. “Why “ is used when the antecedent is “why”.) For reference: The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. The school where I studied only tow years was three kilometers away. This was a time when you had got to live in Beijing. The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people. The places where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa. 2.Comparing and discovering Turn to page 36. Do Ex. 1. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use different words to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same. a. The government building where we voted was very grand. b. The government building which/ that we paid a visit to yesterday was very grand. c. The government building in which we voted was very grand. In sentence a), a relative adverb “where” is used because it refers to “in the government building” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “in which” can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means “in the government building” in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun “which” is used as it refers to “the government building” which serves as the object of the predicate “visited” in the attributive clause. Compare another three sentences: a. The date when I arrived was the 5th August. b. The date which/ that he told me was the 5th August. c. The date on which I arrived was the 5th August. In sentence a), a relative adverb “when” is used because it refers to “on that date” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “in which” can also be used as in sentence c) because it
also means" on that date"in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun which"is used as it refers to the date" serving as the object of the predicate"told"in the attributive clause Read the following sentence and find out a. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work b. The reason that/ which he gave for getting the job was because of his hard work c. The reason for which I got a job was because of my hard work In sentence a), a relative adverb "why"is used because it refers to"for this reason"which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. " for which"can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means"for this reason"in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun which/that "is used as it refers to " the reason"serving as the object of the predicate"gave"in the attributive clause Ill. Ready used materials for attributive clause Definitions: Attributive clause: An attributive clause is a clause modifying a noun or pronoun in a compound sentence Antecedent: The word being modified by an attributive clause is called the antecedent Relative: The word that is used to introduce an attributive clause is called a relative. there are two kinds of relatives, i. e. relative pronouns including which, that, who, whom, whose, as, etc and relative adverbs including where, when and why, etc Note: Relatives plays three important roles in an attributive clause, ie introducing an attributive clause, replacing the antecedent in meaning, and functioning as a sentence element in the attributive clause e.g.: The girl who is talking to Mr. Li over there is my sister In the sentence, The girl is the ant nt and who is used to introduce the attributive clause as the antecedent is a person. It(who) refers to the girl and functions as the subject in the attributive clause The choice of the relatives is the most difficult in learning the attributive clause. However there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives. Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart
- 7 - also means “on that date” in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun “which” is used as it refers to “the date” serving as the object of the predicate “told” in the attributive clause. Read the following sentence and find out a. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work. b. The reason that/ which he gave for getting the job was because of his hard work. c. The reason for which I got a job was because of my hard work. In sentence a), a relative adverb “why” is used because it refers to “for this reason” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “for which” can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means “for this reason” in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun “which/that” is used as it refers to “the reason” serving as the object of the predicate “gave” in the attributive clause. III. Ready used materials for attributive clause Definitions: Attributive clause: An attributive clause is a clause modifying a noun or pronoun in a compound sentence. Antecedent: The word being modified by an attributive clause is called the antecedent. Relative: The word that is used to introduce an attributive clause is called a relative. There are two kinds of relatives, i.e. relative pronouns including which, that, who, whom, whose, as, etc. and relative adverbs including where, when and why, etc. Note: Relatives plays three important roles in an attributive clause, i.e. introducing an attributive clause, replacing the antecedent in meaning, and functioning as a sentence element in the attributive clause. e.g.: The girl who is talking to Mr. Li over there is my sister. In the sentence, The girl is the antecedent and who is used to introduce the attributive clause as the antecedent is a person. It (who) refers to the girl and functions as the subject in the attributive clause. The choice of the relatives is the most difficult in learning the attributive clause. However, there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives. Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart: