1 DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF OLIGOPOLY 寡头市场在价格与产量决策上有以下三方面特点: ■一是它很难对产量与价格问题做出像前三种市场类型 那样确切而肯定的答案。 ˉ二是价格和产量一旦确定以后,就有其相对稳定性 这也就是说,各个寡头由于难以捉摸对手的行为, 般不会轻易变动已确定的价格与产量水平 三是各寡头之间的相互依存性,使他们之间更容易形 成某种形式的勾结。但各寡头之间的利益又是矛盾的 这就决定了勾结不能代替或取消竞争,寡头之间的竞 争往往会更加激烈。这种竞争有价格竞争,也有非价 格竞争
1 DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF OLIGOPOLY 寡头市场在价格与产量决策上有以下三方面特点： ▪一是它很难对产量与价格问题做出像前三种市场类型 那样确切而肯定的答案。 ▪二是价格和产量一旦确定以后，就有其相对稳定性。 这也就是说，各个寡头由于难以捉摸对手的行为，一 般不会轻易变动已确定的价格与产量水平。 ▪三是各寡头之间的相互依存性，使他们之间更容易形 成某种形式的勾结。但各寡头之间的利益又是矛盾的， 这就决定了勾结不能代替或取消竞争，寡头之间的竞 争往往会更加激烈。这种竞争有价格竞争，也有非价 格竞争
2 COMPETITION AND COLLUSION Oligopolists are pulled in two different directions 1. The mutually dependence of firms may tempt them to join together. If they collude in this manner they could jointly maximize industry profits 2. On the other hand there is a great temptation for an individual firm to compete with its rivals to gain market share
2 COMPETITION AND COLLUSION Oligopolists are pulled in two different directions: 1. The mutually dependence of firms may tempt them to join together. If they collude in this manner they could jointly maximize industry profits. 2. On the other hand there is a great temptation for an individual firm to compete with its rivals to gain market share