3.综合练习(4)英汉小短文翻译及参考译文 2014-06-0820:53 Mini-essay Translation from English into Chinese Vatican-the Smallest Country Size is not a criterion in our definition of what constitutes a country. a country need only be an independent state, with distinct territorial boundaries, and its own government. This is a true blessing for Vatican City, as, weighing in at a mere 0. 17 square miles, it holds the title of being the smallest country in the world Prior to 1870, however, political control by papal governments in centralltalyspanned approximately 16, 000 square miles. In 1870, theKingdomofItaly, in a shift of political power established Romeas the national capital ofltaly, wrested political power from the papal governments and absorbed the so-called"Papal states into its territory A 1929 Agreement hammered out by the Italian government and the pope establishedvatican Citya a country. all 0. 17 square miles of it! Gradually the country has gained recognition as sucll,6.as establishing diplomatic ties with other countries, and by receiving dignitaries from other nations Vatican Cityis the official seat of the Catholic Church, and its head, the pope rules through a civil governor. As with any other country, this miniature country sports its own flag, coins its own oins, runsits own postal, transportation, telephone systems, and radio broadcasting station. Vatican Cityis all grown up. This pint-size powerhouse of a country primarily supports itself through contributions from atholics around the world, and through tourism. Safely ensconced within vatican City lie some of the worlds most precious of treasures: the Gardens, St. Peter s Basilica, and the Vatican Palace which houses the Vatican Library, and... thePope himself Malls in theUSA Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called" mall rats. Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof. People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations of private security guards. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees. The largest mall in theUnited Statesis the Mall of America inMinnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs, and a seven-acre park There are parking spaces or 12, 750 cars. About 750, 000 people shop there every week P The first indoor mall in theUnited Stateswas built in1965 inDina, Minnesota. People love all their shopping in one place. More malls uilt around the country. Now, malls are like centers where people come to do many things, they shop, of course, they also eat in food cour have food from all over the world. They see movies at theatres. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends In some malls ole can see a doctor or a dentist and even at tend church. In other words people can do just t everything in malls. Now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center
3.综合练习（4）英汉小短文翻译及参考译文 2014-06-08 20:53 Mini-essay Translation from English into Chinese Vatican—the Smallest Country Size is not a criterion in our definition of what constitutes a country. A country need only be an independent state, with distinct territorial boundaries, and its own government. This is a true blessing for Vatican City, as, weighing in at a mere 0.17 square miles, it holds the title of being the smallest country in the world. Prior to 1870, however, political control by papal governments in centralItalyspanned approximately 16,000 square miles. In 1870, theKingdomofItaly, in a shift of political power, establishedRomeas the national capital ofItaly, wrested political power from the papal governments, and absorbed the so-called "Papal States" into its territory. A 1929 Agreement hammered out by the Italian government and the Pope, establishedVatican Cityas a country...all 0.17 square miles of it! Gradually the country has gained recognition as such, by establishing diplomatic ties with other countries, and by receiving dignitaries from other nations. Vatican Cityis the official seat of the Catholic Church, and its head, the Pope, rules through a civil governor. As with any other country, this miniature country sports its own flag, coins its own coins,runsits own postal, transportation, telephone systems, and radio broadcasting station.Vatican Cityis all grown up. This pint-size powerhouse of a country primarily supports itself through contributions from Catholics around the world, and through tourism. Safely ensconced within Vatican City lie some of the worlds' most precious of treasures; the Gardens, St. Peter's Basilica, and the Vatican Palace, which houses the Vatican Library, and...thePope himself. Malls in theUSA Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called "mall rats." Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof. People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations of private security guards. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees. The largest mall in theUnited Statesis the Mall of America inMinnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs, and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop there every week. The first indoor mall in theUnited Stateswas built in1965 inEdina,Minnesota. People love doing all their shopping in one place. More malls were built around the country. Now, malls are like town centers where people come to do many things, they shop, of course, they also eat in food courts that have food from all over the world. They see movies at theatres. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of "mall walking." Others go to malls to meet friends. In some malls, people can see a doctor or a dentist and even attend church. In other words, people can do just about everything in malls. Now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center
Venice At first glance, it all seems an alchemist's illusion Take 118 flat little islands, stitch them together with nearly 400 humpbacked bridges, crisscross the landscape with 28 miles of serpentine canals. Cram this improbable space with 120 Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, as many bell towers 64 convents and monasteries, a patchwork of flag-stoned piazzas. line the canals with more than 400 pearly palaces. Add pigeons and cats, lots of them. But Venice is, above all, a metropolis of waterways, a city whose Main Street is the extravagant, 200-foot wide Grand Canal, whose people either walk or float, but never drive. i glimpse a sleek, shiny gondola, regal as a black swan, skimming expertly between high, dark walls, Behind wrought-iron gates, a small, cobble-stoned courtyard, polished with age, almost suffocates in its lush jungle of ferns and foliage. The smell of roasting coffee wafts from a tiny cafe. I hear the distant call of the gondoliers: Gondola! Gondola! and as i watch head-scarfed housewives fastidiously picking produce from a bobbing fruit-and-vegetable boat, a laundry barge chugs imperiously past with stacks of freshly ironed hotel linen. These are the simple things The Perfect Exercise Weight and fitness. Obesity is associated with disability and premature death from a variety of diseases, especially hypertension, heart disease and respiratory disorders. Alone, extra kilos do not necessarily constitute a serious health hazard. But when accompanied by diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking or an inactive lifestyle, weight reduction is a must. the best way to change your gure permanently is to adopt sensible eating and exercise habits. A successful plan mightCombinea healthful modification of the“in” calories with a walking programme to increase“out” calories Get involved The moral imperative to"got involved is applicable in the tiniest and the largest of our daily considerations,in everything from helping a neighbour all the way to caring about the state of the world. In little daily deeds that add impressively, each of us can contribute to the world we live in and to our own life, Every little act of genuine involvement, in fact, encourages the growth of the identity beyond the me to the We, intertwining us with other selves until the thread of each ife is no longer a single strand but a part of the fabric of humankind. A friend was on a bus when a gang of noisy youths starting taunting an elderly woman who had asked them to stop shoving."Everyone else in the bus looked out the windows, or straight ahead, as though they couldn t hear the kids saying cheeky things about her,he told me ,So did l, at first. Then all at once I thought, How dare i keep out of this? This is part of the world i live in. So I turned and snapped out at them, ' Haven' tit you young people any parents? How would you like someone to treat your own mothers the way you re treating this lady? To my astonishment, they looked sheepish and fell quiet. Coping with Crisis As a youngster I was effervescent, outgoing, and i talked too much. I had a talent for saying the wrong thing at the wrong time i tortured myself because of the foolish things i had said. Then
Venice At first glance，it all seems an alchemist's illusion. Take l18 flat little islands，stitch them together with nearly 400 humpbacked bridges，crisscross the landscape with 28 miles of serpentine canals. Cram this improbable space with 120 Gothic，Renaissance and Baroque churches，as many belltowers 64 convents and monasteries, a patchwork of flag-stoned piazzas. Line the canals with more than 400 pearly palaces. Add pigeons and cats, lots of them. … But Venice is, above all，a metropolis of waterways，a city whose Main Street is the extravagant，200-foot wide Grand Canal，whose people either walk or float, but never drive. I glimpse a sleek，shiny gondola，regal as a black swan，skimming expertly between high，dark walls，Behind wrought-iron gates, a small，cobble-stoned courtyard，polished with age，almost suffocates in its lush jungle of ferns and foliage. The smell of roasting coffee wafts from a tiny cafe. I hear the distant call of the gondoliers："Gondola！Gondola! And as I watch head-scarfed housewives fastidiously picking produce from a bobbing fruit-and-vegetable boat，a laundry barge chugs imperiously past with stacks of freshly ironed hotel linen. These are the simple things. The Perfect Exercise Weight and fitness.Obesity is associated with disability and premature death from a variety of diseases, especially hypertension, heart disease and respiratory disorders. Alone，extra kilos do not necessarily constitute a serious health hazard. But when accompanied by diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking or an inactive lifestyle，weight reduction is a must. The best way to change your figure permanently is to adopt sensible eating and exercise habits. A successful plan mightCombinea healthful modification of the “in” calories with a walking programme to increase “out” calories. Get Involved The moral imperative to“got involved" is applicable in the tiniest and the largest of our daily considerations, in everything from helping a neighbour all the way to caring about the state of the world. In little daily deeds that add impressively，each of us can contribute to the world we live in and to our own life, Every little act of genuine involvement, in fact, encourages the growth of the identity beyond the Me to the We，intertwining us with other selves until the thread of each life is no longer a single strand but a part of the fabric of humankind.， A friend was on a bus when a gang of noisy youths starting taunting an elderly woman who had asked them to stop shoving. “Everyone else in the bus looked out the windows, or straight ahead, as though they couldn't hear the kids saying cheeky things about her，”he told me，"So did I,at first. Then all at once I thought，How dare I keep out of this? This is part of the world I live in. So I turned and snapped out at them, ‘Haven’ tit you young people any parents? How would you like someone to treat your own mothers the way you’re treating this lady?’ To my astonishment，they looked sheepish and fell quiet.” Coping with Crisis As a youngster I was effervescent, outgoing, and I talked too much. I had a talent for saying the wrong thing at the wrong time. I tortured myself because of the foolish things I had said. Then
a highschool English teacher taught me, with a single dramatic act, the futility of rehashing the past. As the students fled into her classroom, we noticed on her desk a quart bottle of milk standing in a heavy stone Crock This morning, "she announced, "I' m going to teach you a lesson that has nothing to do with English, but a lot to do with life. She picked up the bottle of milk, crashed it against the inside of the stone crock, and it splintered into small pieces."The lesson is, she said, "dont cry over spilled milk. She invited us to look at the wreckage "Would any of you attempt to restore the bottle to its original form? Does it do any goodto. wish the bottle had not been broken? Does it help to tellyourselfhow good the milk might have tasted if this hadnt happened? Remember this broken bottle of milk when something happens in your life that nothing can undo. how to grow old Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it-so at least it seems to me-is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. gradually the river grown wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being The man who, in old see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he car will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no onger do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. Why I am glad to Be 40 I like the vantage point that middle age gives you over all other ages-the young don nderstand the old and the old can' t fathom the young but the middle aged can be in touch with both. I find it exhilarating to be a go betweens. But who can enjoy looking in a mirror and seeing crows feet and lines and all the other revages of middle age? This aspect of middle age is certainly the hardest to accept-but only if you are determined to cling to illusion. For myself, and for millions of others, the loss of youthful beauty is nothing to mourn. It was never there in the first place. Moreover, when you are middle aged nobody has to tell you that beauty alone isnt everything looking around you can see that it isnt. You know that you d prefer wit and interest and intelligence; you have your own experience of men and women who may be thought ugly but whom you prefer to the simply beautiful I find that there isn' t a single shred of jealousy in me for all the beautiful young ladiesmyself: I think they all look fantastic and they have nothing what soever to do with humpbacked bridge: you'vetoiled up and you nish oyable time. It's like being on top of Halfway through anything is always the most en going to stagger down, but for the moment you re on a plateau with the view of all
a highschool English teacher taught me，with a single dramatic act，the futility of rehashing the past. As the students fled into her classroom，we noticed on her desk a quart bottle of milk standing in a heavy stone Crock. "This morning,”she announced, “I’m going to teach you a lesson that has nothing to do with English，but a lot to do with life.” She picked up the bottle of milk，crashed it against the inside of the stone crock，and it splintered into small pieces. “The lesson is,” she said, “don't cry over spilled milk.” She invited us to look at the wreckage. “Would any of you attempt to restore the bottle to its original form? Does it do any goodto.wish the bottle had not been broken？Does it help to tellyourselfhow good the milk might have tasted if this hadn't happened? Remember this broken bottle of milk when something happens in your life that nothing can undo.” How to Grow Old Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that Life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over' waterfalls. Gradually the river grown wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way，will not suffer from the fear of death，since the things he care for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do，and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. Why I Am Glad to Be 40 I like the vantage point that middle age gives you over all other ages—the young don’t understand the old and the old can’t fathom the young but the middle aged can be in touch with both. I find it exhilarating to be a go betweens. But who can enjoy looking in a mirror and seeing crow’s feet and lines and all the other revages of middle age? This aspect of middle age is certainly the hardest to accept—but only if you are determined to cling to illusion. For myself，and for millions of others，the loss of youthful beauty is nothing to mourn.. It was never there in the first place. Moreover，when you are middle aged nobody has to tell you that beauty alone isn’t everything—looking around you can see that it isn’t. You know that you’d prefer wit and interest and intelligence; you have your own experience of men and women who may be thought ugly but whom you prefer to the simply beautiful. I find that there isn’t a single shred of jealousy in me for all the beautiful young ladiesmyself; I think they all look fantastic and they have nothing whatsoever to do with me. Halfway through anything is always the most enjoyable time. It’s like being on top of a humpbacked bridge：you'vetoiled up and you might be going to stagger down, but for the moment you’re on a plateau with the view of all
The World of Technology It s an exciting time in the world of technology Things are moving very quickly and the big problem is how can people take advantage of this? How can they make their organization more effective? Well, the pieces, the building blocks here, are quite amazing-the lower cost of Pcs, the Power of the Pcs, the network that connect them toge ther to share information, the screen technology and storage technology All moving so rapidly that you could almost step back and imagine how you could like information to be available, and actually put together system that delivers on that VISIO (Bill Gates, Dec 11, 1997, in Beijing) True Joy I am constructed like everybody else, and enjoy a compliment as well as any other fool, but i do like to have the other side presented And there is another side. I have a wicked side. estimable friends who know all about it would tell you and take a certain delight in telling you things that i have done, and things further that I have not repented. The real life that I live, and the real life that I suppose all of you live, is a life of interior sin. That is what makes life valuable and pleasant. To lead a life of undiscovered sin! That is true joy. (Mark Twain: Speeches) A Human Being a human being is a part of a whole, called by us-universe-, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings as some thing separated from the rest... akind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. (Albert Eistein) Age People between twenty and forty are not sympathetic. The child has the capacity to do but it cant know. It only knows when it is no longer able to do-fter forty. Between twenty and forty the will of the child to do gets stronger, more dangerous, but it has not begun to learn to know yet. Since his capacity to do is forced into channels of evil through environment and pressures, man is strong before he is moral. The world's anguish is caused by people between twenty and forty (William Foulker: Interview in Writers at Work) Beauty Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set: and surely virtue is best, in a body that is comely, though not of delicate features; and that hath rather dignity of presence, than beauty of aspect. Neither is it almost seen, that very beautiful persons are otherwise of great virtue: asif nature were rather busy, not to err, than in labor to produce excellency. and therefore they prove accomplished, but not of great spirit; andstudy rather behavior, than virtue Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance: but yet certainly again, if i
The World of Technology It's an exciting time in the world of technology. Things are moving very quickly and the big problem is how can people take advantage of this? How can they make their organization more effective？Well，the pieces，the building blocks here，are quite amazing—the lower cost of Pcs，the Power of the Pcs, the network that connect them together to share information，the screen technology and storage technology. All moving so rapidly that you could almost step back and imagine how you could like information to be available，and actually put together system that delivers on that vision. (Bill Gates, Dec.11, 1997, in Beijing) True Joy I am constructed like everybody else，and enjoy a compliment as well as any other fool，but I do like to have the other side presented. And there is another side. I have a wicked side. Estimable friends who know all about it would tell you and take a certain delight in telling you things that I have done，and things further that I have not repented．The real life that I live，and the real life that I suppose all of you live，is a life of interior sin. That is what makes life valuable and pleasant. To lead a life of undiscovered sin！That is true joy. (Mark Twain: Speeches) A Human Being A human being is a part of a whole，called by us—universe—，a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself，his thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest...akind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us，restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty． (Albert Eistein) Age People between twenty and forty are not sympathetic. The child has the capacity to do but it can't know. It only knows when it is no longer able to do—fter forty. Between twenty and forty the will of the child to do gets stronger，more dangerous，but it has not begun to learn to know yet. Since his capacity to do is forced into channels of evil through environment and pressures，man is strong before he is moral. The world's anguish is caused by people between twenty and forty. (William Foulker: Interview in Writers at Work) Beauty Virtue is like a rich stone，best plain set；and surely virtue is best，in a body that is comely，though not of delicate features；and that hath rather dignity of presence，than beauty of aspect. Neither is it almost seen，that very beautiful persons are otherwise of great virtue；asif nature were rather busy, not to err, than in labor to produce excellency. And therefore they prove accomplished，but not of great spirit；andstudy rather behavior, than virtue… Beauty is as summer fruits，which are easy to corrupt，and cannot last；and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth，and an age a little out of countenance；but yet certainly again，if it
light well, it maketh virtue shine, and vices blush. (Francis Bacon: Of Beauty Equality Do you think i can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think i am an automaton? -a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop o living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong I have as much soul as you, -and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh: -it is my spirit that addresses your spirit: just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal, -as we are! (Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre) reedom M. Men are free, when they are in a living homeland, not when they are straying and breaking away. en are free when they are obey ing some deep, inward voice of religious belief. Obeying from within. Men are free when they belong to a living, organic believing community, active in fulfilling some unfulfilled, perhaps unrealized purpose. Not when they are escaping to unfreesouls go west, and shout of freedom. Men are freest when they are most unconscious of freedom The shout is a rattling of chains, always was. Men are not free when they are doing just what they like. The moment you can do just what you like, there is nothing you care about doing (D H. Lawrence: Studies in Classic American Literature) old Age Father Time is not always a hard parent, and, though he tarries for none of his children, often lays his hand lightly upon those who have used him well; makingthem old men and. women inexorably enough, but leaving their hearts and spirits young and in full vigour With such people the grey head is but the impression of the old fellow s hand in giving them his blessing, and every wrinkle but a notch in the quiet calendar of a well-spent life. ( Charles Dickens: Barnaby Rudge) Symbols and Signs In a symbol there is concealment and yet revelation: here therefore, by silence and by speech ting together, comes a double significance.. In the symbol proper, what we can call a symbol, there is ever, more or less distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite: the Infinite is made to blend itself with the finite, to stand visible, and as it were attainable there. By symbols, accordingly, is man guided and commanded, made happy, made wretched. (Thomas Carlyle: Sartor Resartus The Call of Duty Thus far then have we travelled along the terrible road we chose at the call ofduty. The mood of Britain is wisely and rightly averse from every form of shallow or premature exultation. This is ne time for boasts or glowing prophecies, but there is this: a year ago our position looked forlorn
light well，it maketh virtue shine，and vices blush. (Francis Bacon: Of Beauty) Equality Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you？Do you think I am an automaton？—a machine without feelings？and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips，and my drop of living water dashed from my cup？Do you think，because I am poor，obscure，plain，and little，I am soulless and heartless？You think wrong! I have as much soul as you，—and full as much heart！And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth，I should have made it as hard for you to leave me，as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom，conventionalities，nor even of mortal flesh；—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit； just as if both had passed through the grave，and we stood at God's feet，equal，—as we are！ (Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre) Freedom Men are free, when they are in a living homeland，not when they are straying and breaking away. Men are free when they are obeying some deep, inward voice of religious belief.Obeying from within.Men are free when they belong to a living, organic believing community, active in fulfilling some unfulfilled, perhaps unrealized purpose. Not when they are escaping to some wild west. Themost unfreesouls go west, and shout of freedom. Men are freest when they are most unconscious of freedom. The shout is a rattling of chains, always was. Men are not free when they are doing just what they like. The moment you can do just what you like, there is nothing you care about doing. (D.H. Lawrence: Studies in Classic American Literature) Old Age Father Time is not always a hard parent，and，though he tarries' for none of his children，often lays his hand lightly upon those who have used him well；makingthem old men and. women inexorably enough，but leaving their hearts and spirits young and in full vigour. With such people the grey head is but the impression of the old fellow's hand in giving them his blessing，and every wrinkle but a notch in the quiet calendar of a well-spent life. (Charles Dickens: Barnaby Rudge) Symbols and Signs In a symbol there is concealment and yet revelation：here therefore，by silence and by speech acting together，comes a double significance… In the symbol proper，what we can call a symbol， there is ever，more or less distinctly and directly，some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite；the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite，to stand visible，and as it were， attainable there. By symbols，accordingly，is man guided and commanded，made happy，made wretched. (Thomas Carlyle: Sartor Resartus) The Call of Duty Thus far then have we travelled along the terrible road we chose at the call ofduty.The mood of Britain is wisely and rightly averse from every form of shallow or premature exultation．This is no time for boasts or glowing prophecies，but there is this：A year ago our position looked forlorn