Atom utilization = = The amount of target product formed ╳ 100% The amount of all products formed stoichiometrically The amount of reactants used The amount of target product formed ╳ 100% Atom utilization
Atom utilization = = The amount of target product formed ╳ 100% The amount of all products formed stoichiometrically The amount of reactants used The amount of target product formed ╳ 100% Atom utilization
The two main characteristics of chemical reaction with 100% atom utilization: ✓ The reactants could be fully utilized, and the resource could be most possibly used economically ✓ The waste could be minimized 原子利用率 = 目标产物的量 按化学计量式所得所有产物的量之和 = 目标产物的量 各反应物的量之和 ╳ 100% ╳ 100%
The two main characteristics of chemical reaction with 100% atom utilization: ✓ The reactants could be fully utilized, and the resource could be most possibly used economically ✓ The waste could be minimized 原子利用率 = 目标产物的量 按化学计量式所得所有产物的量之和 = 目标产物的量 各反应物的量之和 ╳ 100% ╳ 100%
Examples Example 1 ：The preparation of epoxyethane(环氧乙烷) from ethylene more Example 2：The preparation of epoxypropane (环氧丙烷) more Example 3：The synthesis of methyl acrylate(丙烯酸甲酯) more
Examples Example 1 ：The preparation of epoxyethane(环氧乙烷) from ethylene more Example 2：The preparation of epoxypropane (环氧丙烷) more Example 3：The synthesis of methyl acrylate(丙烯酸甲酯) more
Example 1 The preparation of epoxy-ethane
Example 1 The preparation of epoxy-ethane
Traditional way CH2=CH2 + Cl2 + H2O ashsska ClCH2CH2OH + HCl ashsska ClCH2CH2OH + Ca(OH)2 + HCl C2H4O + CaCl2 + 2H2O CH2=CH2 + Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 C2H4O + CaCl aska 2 + H2O 28 71 74 ashsska 44 111 18 ashs ska ashsska 44 111+ 18 = 129 44 111+ 18 + 44 = ╳ 100% 44 28+ 71 + 74 = ╳ 100% = 25%
Traditional way CH2=CH2 + Cl2 + H2O ashsska ClCH2CH2OH + HCl ashsska ClCH2CH2OH + Ca(OH)2 + HCl C2H4O + CaCl2 + 2H2O CH2=CH2 + Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 C2H4O + CaCl aska 2 + H2O 28 71 74 ashsska 44 111 18 ashs ska ashsska 44 111+ 18 = 129 44 111+ 18 + 44 = ╳ 100% 44 28+ 71 + 74 = ╳ 100% = 25%