理论语言学:历时的维度( Diachronic) [从新语法学派到词汇扩散 Sep.18.2006 汪锋 北京大学中文系 wfwfapku. edu. cn
1 理论语言学：历时的维度(Diachronic) [1]从新语法学派到词汇扩散 Sep. 18. 2006 汪锋 北京大学中文系 wfwf@pku.edu.cn
研究的视角 历时 共时 口历时语言学(历史语言学) ■单位或要素在时间上的关系 ■历时( diachronic)与共时( synchronic)
2 研究的视角 历时语言学(历史语言学) 单位或要素在时间上的关系 历时(diachronic)与共时(synchronic) 历时 共时
数目字上的秘密 EnglishGothicLatin Greek SanskritChinese one unus he eIs k two duo duc va three theis rs creIs travas four fidwor quattuor tettares catvaras fiv fimf quinque pente nca WL sais sex hek sat liu seven Sibun septem hepta sapta eight antau octo okto asta a nine niun novem ennea nava bj ten taihu decem deka asa sh Quoted from Wang(2001)
3 数目字上的秘密 Quoted from Wang (2001)
缘起:语言亲缘关系假说 百 William jones(1786) The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the greek, more copious than the latin and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; So strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothick and Celtick, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit, and the old Persian might be added to the same family
4 缘起：语言亲缘关系假说 William Jones (1786) The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists: there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothick and Celtick, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit, and the old Persian might be added to the same family…
谱系树 deutch. litani / ch itali/ch. indogermani/ che --..allbanefifel -yriechi/ch wr/prache italokeltifch SCHLEICHER S INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY TREE [After Schleicber's Compendium August Schleicher(1863)Darwinian theory and the science of language 5
5 谱系树 August Schleicher (1863) Darwinian theory and the science of language